§342ΣΩ. ἀλλʼ ἅ μοι δοκεῖ διανοεῖσθαι Σιμωνίδης ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ᾁσματι, ἐθέλω σοι εἰπεῖν, εἰ βούλει λαβεῖν μου πεῖραν ὅπως ἔχω, ὃ σὺ λέγεις τοῦτο, περὶ ἐπῶν· ἐὰν δὲ βούλῃ, σοῦ ἀκούσομαι. ὁ μὲν οὖν Πρωταγόρας ἀκούσας μου ταῦτα λέγοντος,
εἰ σὺ βούλει,
ἔφη,
ὦ Σώκρατες· ὁ δὲ Πρόδικός τε καὶ ὁ Ἱππίας ἐκελευέτην πάνυ, καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι.
Socrates: 'But what Simonides seems to me to have in mind in this song, I am willing to tell you, if you wish to make a trial of me, to see how I am in regard to this very thing you speak of, namely, poetry; or if you wish, I will listen to you.' Now Protagoras, having heard me saying these things, said: 'If you wish, Socrates.' And Prodicus and Hippias exhorted me very much, as did the others.
ἐγὼ τοίνυν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἅ γέ μοι δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ ᾄσματος τούτου, πειράσομαι ὑμῖν διεξελθεῖν.
'I then,' I said, 'will try to go through for you what seems to me concerning this song.
φιλοσοφία γάρ ἐστιν παλαιοτάτη τε καὶ πλείστη τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐν Κρήτῃ τε καὶ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι, καὶ σοφισταὶ πλεῖστοι γῆς ἐκεῖ εἰσιν· ἀλλʼ ἐξαρνοῦνται καὶ σχηματίζονται ἀμαθεῖς εἶναι, ἵνα μὴ κατάδηλοι ὦσιν ὅτι σοφίᾳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων περίεισιν, ὥσπερ οὓς Πρωταγόρας ἔλεγε τοὺς σοφιστάς, ἀλλὰ δοκῶσιν τῷ μάχεσθαι καὶ ἀνδρείᾳ περιεῖναι, ἡγούμενοι, εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ περίεισιν, πάντας τοῦτο ἀσκήσειν, τὴν σοφίαν.
For philosophy is oldest and most abundant among the Greeks in Crete and in Lacedaemon, and the most numerous sophists on earth are there; but they deny it and pretend to be ignorant, so that they may not be revealed as surpassing the Greeks in wisdom, like those whom Protagoras called sophists, but rather seem to surpass them in fighting and courage, thinking that if it were known in what they surpass, everyone would practice this, namely, wisdom.
νῦν δὲ ἀποκρυψάμενοι ἐκεῖνο ἐξηπατήκασιν τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι λακωνίζοντας, καὶ οἱ μὲν ὦτά τε κατάγνυνται μιμούμενοι αὐτούς, καὶ ἱμάντας περιειλίττονται καὶ φιλογυμναστοῦσιν καὶ βραχείας ἀναβολὰς φοροῦσιν, ὡς δὴ τούτοις κρατοῦντας τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους·
But as it is, by hiding this, they have deceived those who Laconize in the cities, and some mimic them by breaking their ears, wrapping straps around themselves, loving gymnastics, and wearing short cloaks, as if by these things the Lacedaemonians rule the Greeks.
οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, ἐπειδὰν βούλωνται ἀνέδην τοῖς παρʼ αὑτοῖς συγγενέσθαι σοφισταῖς καὶ ἤδη ἄχθωνται λάθρᾳ συγγιγνόμενοι, ξενηλασίας ποιούμενοι τῶν τε λακωνιζόντων τούτων καὶ ἐάν τις ἄλλος ξένος ὢν ἐπιδημήσῃ, συγγίγνονται τοῖς σοφισταῖς λανθάνοντες τοὺς ξένους, καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐδένα ἐῶσιν τῶν νέων εἰς τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις ἐξιέναι, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ Κρῆτες, ἵνα μὴ ἀπομανθάνωσιν ἃ αὐτοὶ διδάσκουσιν.
But the Lacedaemonians, whenever they wish to associate freely with the sophists among them and are now tired of meeting them in secret, making expulsions of these Laconizers and of any other stranger residing there, associate with the sophists, eluding the strangers; and they themselves do not permit any of the young men to go out to other cities, just as the Cretans do not, so that they may not unlearn what they themselves teach.
εἰσὶν δὲ ἐν ταύταις ταῖς πόλεσιν οὐ μόνον ἄνδρες ἐπὶ παιδεύσει μέγα φρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκες.
And there are in these cities not only men who pride themselves on education, but also women.
γνοῖτε δʼ ἂν ὅτι ἐγὼ ταῦτα ἀληθῆ λέγω καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν καὶ λόγους ἄριστα πεπαίδευνται, ὧδε· εἰ γὰρ ἐθέλει τις Λακεδαιμονίων τῷ φαυλοτάτῳ συγγενέσθαι, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις εὑρήσει αὐτὸν φαῦλόν τινα φαινόμενον, ἔπειτα, ὅπου ἂν τύχῃ τῶν λεγομένων, ἐνέβαλεν ῥῆμα ἄξιον λόγου βραχὺ καὶ συνεστραμμένον ὥσπερ δεινὸς ἀκοντιστής, ὥστε φαίνεσθαι τὸν προσδιαλεγόμενον παιδὸς μηδὲν βελτίω. §343ΣΩ. τοῦτο οὖν αὐτὸ καὶ τῶν νῦν εἰσὶν οἳ κατανενοήκασι καὶ τῶν πάλαι, ὅτι τὸ λακωνίζειν πολὺ μᾶλλόν ἐστιν φιλοσοφεῖν ἢ φιλογυμναστεῖν, εἰδότες ὅτι τοιαῦτα οἷόν τʼ εἶναι ῥήματα φθέγγεσθαι τελέως πεπαιδευμένου ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπου.
And you may know that I speak the truth in this, and that the Lacedaemonians are best educated in philosophy and discourse, in this way: for if anyone wishes to associate with the most ordinary of the Lacedaemonians, for the most part in discourse he will find him appearing to be some ordinary person, but then, at whatever point in the discussion it may happen, he throws in a brief, compressed saying, worthy of mention, like a dread javelin-thrower, so that the one conversing appears to be no better than a child.' Socrates: 'This very thing, therefore, some of those now and those of old have understood, that to Laconize is much more to philosophize than to love gymnastics, knowing that to be able to utter such sayings is the mark of a perfectly educated man.
τούτων ἦν καὶ Θαλῆς ὁ Μιλήσιος καὶ Πιττακὸς ὁ Μυτιληναῖος καὶ Βίας ὁ Πριηνεὺς καὶ Σόλων ὁ ἡμέτερος καὶ Κλεόβουλος ὁ Λίνδιος καὶ Μύσων ὁ Χηνεύς, καὶ ἕβδομος ἐν τούτοις ἐλέγετο Λακεδαιμόνιος Χίλων.
Among these were Thales of Miletus, Pittacus of Mytilene, Bias of Priene, our Solon, Cleobulus of Lindus, Myson of Chenae, and a seventh among these was said to be Chilon the Lacedaemonian.
οὗτοι πάντες ζηλωταὶ καὶ ἐρασταὶ καὶ μαθηταὶ ἦσαν τῆς Λακεδαιμονίων παιδείας, καὶ καταμάθοι ἄν τις αὐτῶν τὴν σοφίαν τοιαύτην οὖσαν, ῥήματα βραχέα ἀξιομνημόνευτα ἑκάστῳ εἰρημένα·
All these were admirers, lovers, and disciples of the Lacedaemonian education, and one might understand that their wisdom was of such a kind from the brief, memorable sayings uttered by each.
οὗτοι καὶ κοινῇ συνελθόντες ἀπαρχὴν τῆς σοφίας ἀνέθεσαν τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι εἰς τὸν νεὼν τὸν ἐν Δελφοῖς, γράψαντες ταῦτα ἃ δὴ πάντες ὑμνοῦσιν,
"γνῶθι σαυτόν"
καὶ
"μηδὲν ἄγαν"
. τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκα ταῦτα λέγω;
These men also met together in common and dedicated the first fruits of their wisdom to Apollo in his temple at Delphi, writing those things which everyone praises, namely: "Know thyself" and "Nothing in excess." Why indeed do I say these things?
ὅτι οὗτος ὁ τρόπος ἦν τῶν παλαιῶν τῆς φιλοσοφίας, βραχυλογία τις Λακωνική· καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ Πιττακοῦ ἰδίᾳ περιεφέρετο τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ἐγκωμιαζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν σοφῶν, τὸ
"χαλεπὸν ἐσθλὸν ἔμμεναι"
. ὁ οὖν Σιμωνίδης, ἅτε φιλότιμος ὢν ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ, ἔγνω ὅτι εἰ καθέλοι τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὥσπερ εὐδοκιμοῦντα ἀθλητὴν καὶ περιγένοιτο αὐτοῦ, αὐτὸς εὐδοκιμήσει ἐν τοῖς τότε ἀνθρώποις.
Because this was the manner of philosophy of the ancients, a certain Laconic brevity; and indeed, this saying of Pittacus was also being passed around individually, praised by the wise: "It is difficult to be good." Simonides, therefore, being ambitious for wisdom, realized that if he could pull down this saying as if it were a highly esteemed athlete and overcome it, he himself would be highly esteemed among the men of that time.
εἰς τοῦτο οὖν τὸ ῥῆμα καὶ τούτου ἕνεκα τούτῳ ἐπιβουλεύων κολοῦσαι αὐτὸ ἅπαν τὸ ᾆσμα πεποίηκεν, ὥς μοι φαίνεται.
It was against this saying, and for this purpose, ploting to curtail it, that he composed the whole song, as it seems to me.
ἐπισκεψώμεθα δὴ αὐτὸ κοινῇ ἅπαντες, εἰ ἄρα ἐγὼ ἀληθῆ λέγω.
Let us then examine it all in common, to see if indeed I speak the truth.
εὐθὺς γὰρ τὸ πρῶτον τοῦ ᾄσματος μανικὸν ἂν φανείη, εἰ βουλόμενος λέγειν ὅτι ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν γενέσθαι χαλεπόν, ἔπειτα ἐνέβαλε τὸ μέν.
For immediately the very first part of the song would appear mad, if, wishing to say that for a man to become good is difficult, he then inserted the word "mén".
τοῦτο γὰρ οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λόγον φαίνεται ἐμβεβλῆσθαι, ἐὰν μή τις ὑπολάβῃ πρὸς τὸ τοῦ Πιττακοῦ ῥῆμα ὥσπερ ἐρίζοντα λέγειν τὸν Σιμωνίδην· λέγοντος τοῦ Πιττακοῦ ὅτι
"χαλεπὸν ἐσθλὸν ἔμμεναι"
, ἀμφισβητοῦντα εἰπεῖν ὅτι οὔκ, ἀλλὰ
"γενέσθαι μὲν χαλεπὸν"
ἄνδρα ἀγαθόν ἐστιν, ὦ Πιττακέ, ὡς ἀληθῶς—οὐκ ἀληθείᾳ ἀγαθόν, οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτῳ λέγει τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ὡς ἄρα ὄντων τινῶν τῶν μὲν ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀγαθῶν, τῶν δὲ ἀγαθῶν μέν, οὐ μέντοι ἀληθῶς—εὔηθες γὰρ τοῦτό γε φανείη ἂν καὶ οὐ Σιμωνίδου—
For this does not appear to have been inserted for any reason at all, unless one supposes that Simonides is speaking as if contending against the saying of Pittacus; so that when Pittacus says: "It is difficult to be good," Simonides says in dispute that it is not so, but that: "To become, indeed, is difficult" for a man to be good, Pittacus, in truth—not "truly good", he does not say "in truth" with this meaning, as if there were some who are truly good, and others who are good but not truly so—for this would appear foolish and not worthy of Simonides.'