Humanitext Reader

Plato · Euthydemus §279

List of Goods and the Identity of Wisdom and Good Fortune

Passage 5 of 25 · Greek

Summary

Socrates and Clinias begin listing "good things" required for human happiness, identifying wealth, health, virtue, and finally "good fortune" as the greatest good. However, Socrates then identifies "wisdom" itself with "good fortune," surprising Clinias by demonstrating how experts in various crafts are always the most fortunate in their respective fields.

§279ΣΩ. οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὔκ, ἔφη ὁ Κλεινίας.
SOCRATES: "There is no one who does not," Clinias said.
—εἶεν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ· τὸ δὴ μετὰ τοῦτο, ἐπειδὴ βουλόμεθα εὖ πράττειν, πῶς ἂν εὖ πράττοιμεν;
— "Very well," I said; "as for the next thing, since we wish to do well, how might we do well?
ἆρʼ ἂν εἰ ἡμῖν πολλὰ κἀγαθὰ εἴη;
Would it be if we had many good things?
ἢ τοῦτο ἐκείνου ἔτι εὐηθέστερον;
Or is this even sillier than the other question?
δῆλον γάρ που καὶ τοῦτο ὅτι οὕτως ἔχει. —συνέφη. —φέρε δή, ἀγαθὰ δὲ ποῖα ἄρα τῶν ὄντων τυγχάνει ἡμῖν ὄντα;
For I suppose this too is clear, that it is so." — He agreed. — "Come then, what sort of existing things actually happen to be good for us?
ἢ οὐ χαλεπὸν οὐδὲ σεμνοῦ ἀνδρὸς πάνυ τι οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἔοικεν εἶναι εὐπορεῖν;
Or does it seem that to be well-provided with this is also not difficult, nor the mark of a very grand man?
πᾶς γὰρ ἂν ἡμῖν εἴποι ὅτι τὸ πλουτεῖν ἀγαθόν· ἦ γάρ; — πάνυ γʼ, ἔφη. —οὐκοῦν καὶ τὸ ὑγιαίνειν καὶ τὸ καλὸν εἶναι καὶ τἆλλα κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ἱκανῶς παρεσκευάσθαι; —συνεδόκει. —ἀλλὰ μὴν εὐγένειαί γε καὶ δυνάμεις καὶ τιμαὶ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ δῆλά ἐστιν ἀγαθὰ ὄντα. —ὡμολόγει. —τί οὖν, ἔφην, ἔτι ἡμῖν λείπεται τῶν ἀγαθῶν;
For everyone would tell us that to be rich is a good thing; is that not so?" — "Quite so," he said. — "And also to be healthy and beautiful, and to be sufficiently provided with the other things regarding the body?" — He agreed. — "But surely noble birth, powers, and honors in one's own land are clearly good things." — He agreed. — "Then what is still left for us," I said, "among good things?
τί ἄρα ἐστὶν τὸ σώφρονά τε εἶναι καὶ δίκαιον καὶ ἀνδρεῖον;
What indeed is it to be temperate, just, and brave?
πότερον πρὸς Διός, ὦ Κλεινία, ἡγῇ σύ, ἐὰν ταῦτα τιθῶμεν ὡς ἀγαθά, ὀρθῶς ἡμᾶς θήσειν, ἢ ἐὰν μή;
By Zeus, Clinias, do you think, if we place these as good things, that we shall place them correctly, or if we do not?
ἴσως γὰρ ἄν τις ἡμῖν ἀμφισβητήσειεν· σοὶ δὲ πῶς δοκεῖ; — ἀγαθά, ἔφη ὁ Κλεινίας. — εἶεν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ· τὴν δὲ σοφίαν ποῦ χοροῦ τάξομεν; ἐν τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς, ἢ πῶς λέγεις;
For perhaps someone might dispute it with us; but how does it seem to you?" — "They are good," Clinias said. — "Very well," I said; "and where in the chorus shall we arrange wisdom?
— ἐν τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς. —ἐνθυμοῦ δὴ μή τι παραλείπωμεν τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ὅτι καὶ ἄξιον λόγου. — ἀλλά μοι δοκοῦμεν, ἔφη, οὐδέν, ὁ Κλεινίας. —καὶ ἐγὼ ἀναμνησθεὶς εἶπον ὅτι ναὶ μὰ Δία κινδυνεύομέν γε τὸ μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν παραλιπεῖν. — τί τοῦτο; ἦ δʼ ὅς. —τὴν εὐτυχίαν, ὦ Κλεινία· ὃ πάντες φασί, καὶ οἱ πάνυ φαῦλοι, μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν εἶναι. — ἀληθῆ λέγεις, ἔφη. —καὶ ἐγὼ αὖ πάλιν μετανοήσας εἶπον ὅτι ὀλίγου καταγέλαστοι ἐγενόμεθα ὑπὸ τῶν ξένων ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ, ὦ παῖ Ἀξιόχου. — τί δή, ἔφη, τοῦτο; —ὅτι εὐτυχίαν ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν θέμενοι νυνδὴ αὖθις περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐλέγομεν. — τί οὖν δὴ τοῦτο; —καταγέλαστον δήπου, ὃ πάλαι πρόκειται, τοῦτο πάλιν προτιθέναι καὶ δὶς ταὐτὰ λέγειν. — πῶς, ἔφη, τοῦτο λέγεις; —ἡ σοφία δήπου, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, εὐτυχία ἐστίν· τοῦτο δὲ κἂν παῖς γνοίη. —καὶ ὃς ἐθαύμασεν· οὕτως ἔτι νέος τε καὶ εὐήθης ἐστί. —κἀγὼ γνοὺς αὐτὸν θαυμάζοντα, ἆρα οὐκ οἶσθα, ἔφην, ὦ Κλεινία, ὅτι περὶ αὐλημάτων εὐπραγίαν οἱ αὐληταὶ εὐτυχέστατοί εἰσιν; —συνέφη. —οὐκοῦν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, καὶ περὶ γραμμάτων γραφῆς τε καὶ ἀναγνώσεως οἱ γραμματισταί; — πάνυ γε. —τί δέ;
Among the good things, or how do you say?" — "Among the good things." — "Consider then lest we are leaving out any of the good things, and one indeed worth mentioning." — "But we seem to me," Clinias said, "to be leaving out nothing." — And I, remembering, said, "Yes, by Zeus, we are in danger of leaving out the greatest of the good things." — "What is this?" he said. — "Good fortune, Clinias; which everyone, even the very vulgar, says is the greatest of the good things." — "You speak the truth," he said. — And I again, changing my mind, said, "We almost became a laughingstock to the strangers, both you and I, son of Axiochus." — "Why so," he said, "is that?" — "Because having placed good fortune among them in what went before, we were just now speaking again about the same thing." — "What then of that?" — "It is surely ridiculous to put forward again what has long been proposed, and to say the same things twice." — "How," he said, "do you mean this?" — "Wisdom, surely," I said, "is good fortune; even a child would know this." — And he marveled; he is still so young and simple-minded. — And I, perceiving that he was marvelling, said, "Do you not know, Clinias, that regarding the playing of flutes, the flute-players are the most fortunate in doing well?" — He agreed. — "And also," I said, "regarding the writing and reading of letters, the schoolmasters?" — "Quite so." — "What then?
πρὸς τοὺς τῆς θαλάττης κινδύνους μῶν οἴει εὐτυχεστέρους τινὰς εἶναι τῶν σοφῶν κυβερνητῶν, ὡς ἐπὶ πᾶν εἰπεῖν; — οὐ δῆτα.
Against the dangers of the sea, do you think any are more fortunate than the wise pilots, to speak generally?" — "Certainly not."

Notes

  1. 279aοὐδεὶς ὅστις οὔκ — A very common idiomatic contraction of οὐδεὶς ἔστιν ὅστις οὐκ ("there is no one who does not," i.e., "everyone does"), where the copula ἔστιν is omitted.
  2. 279cποῦ χοροῦ τάξομεν; — The genitive χοροῦ ("chorus" or "band") is used with the interrogative adverb ποῦ ("where"). This genitive functions as a partitive genitive of place, metaphorically asking "in which class or group" they should arrange wisdom.
  3. 279dὀλίγου — A genitive of measure serving as an adverbial idiom meaning "almost" or "nearly." It originates from the phrase ὀλίγου δεῖν ("lacking but a little"), where the infinitive δεῖν has been omitted.
  4. 279eπερὶ αὐλημάτων εὐπραγίαν — The accusative noun εὐπραγίαν ("faring well," "success") acts as the direct object of the verb οἶσθα ("you know"), and is qualified by the prepositional phrase περὶ αὐλημάτων ("regarding the playing of flutes").

Cite this passage

Plato, Euthydemus §279. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg021.humanitext-grc2:279

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