§248ΣΩ. καὶ οὗτος μὲν θεῶν βίος·
SOCRATES: And this is the life of the gods.
αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι ψυχαί, ἡ μὲν ἄριστα θεῷ ἑπομένη καὶ εἰκασμένη ὑπερῆρεν εἰς τὸν ἔξω τόπον τὴν τοῦ ἡνιόχου κεφαλήν, καὶ συμπεριηνέχθη τὴν περιφοράν, θορυβουμένη ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων καὶ μόγις καθορῶσα τὰ ὄντα·
But as for the other souls, the one that best follows God and is likest to Him raises the head of her charioteer into the outer region, and is carried round with the revolution, though troubled by the horses and hardly beholding the realities.
ἡ δὲ τοτὲ μὲν ἦρεν, τοτὲ δʼ ἔδυ, βιαζομένων δὲ τῶν ἵππων τὰ μὲν εἶδεν, τὰ δʼ οὔ.
Another now rises, now sinks, and because the horses use force, she sees some realities but not others.
αἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλαι γλιχόμεναι μὲν ἅπασαι τοῦ ἄνω ἕπονται, ἀδυνατοῦσαι δέ, ὑποβρύχιαι συμπεριφέρονται, πατοῦσαι ἀλλήλας καὶ ἐπιβάλλουσαι, ἑτέρα πρὸ τῆς ἑτέρας πειρωμένη γενέσθαι.
But the rest of the souls, though all longing for the upper region, follow indeed, but being unable, they are carried round under the surface, trampling and leaping upon one another, each trying to get before the other.
θόρυβος οὖν καὶ ἅμιλλα καὶ ἱδρὼς ἔσχατος γίγνεται, οὗ δὴ κακίᾳ ἡνιόχων πολλαὶ μὲν χωλεύονται, πολλαὶ δὲ πολλὰ πτερὰ θραύονται·
Thus there arises extreme confusion, rivalry, and sweat, wherein indeed by the incompetence of the charioteers many souls are maimed, and many have many feathers broken.
πᾶσαι δὲ πολὺν ἔχουσαι πόνον ἀτελεῖς τῆς τοῦ ὄντος θέας ἀπέρχονται, καὶ ἀπελθοῦσαι τροφῇ δοξαστῇ χρῶνται.
And all of them, having had much toil, depart without achieving the view of reality, and having departed, they feed on the food of opinion.
οὗ δʼ ἕνεχʼ ἡ πολλὴ σπουδὴ τὸ ἀληθείας ἰδεῖν πεδίον οὗ ἐστιν, ἥ τε δὴ προσήκουσα ψυχῆς τῷ ἀρίστῳ νομὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἐκεῖ λειμῶνος τυγχάνει οὖσα, ἥ τε τοῦ πτεροῦ φύσις, ᾧ ψυχὴ κουφίζεται, τούτῳ τρέφεται.
Now the reason why there is so much zeal to see where the plain of truth is, is that the pasture which is suited to the best part of the soul happens to come from the meadow there, and the nature of the wing, by which the soul is lightened, is nourished by this.
θεσμός τε Ἀδραστείας ὅδε. ἥτις ἂν ψυχὴ θεῷ συνοπαδὸς γενομένη κατίδῃ τι τῶν ἀληθῶν, μέχρι τε τῆς ἑτέρας περιόδου εἶναι ἀπήμονα, κἂν ἀεὶ τοῦτο δύνηται ποιεῖν, ἀεὶ ἀβλαβῆ εἶναι·
And this is the decree of Adrasteia: whichever soul, having become a follower of a god, has seen any of the truths, shall be free from harm until the next revolution, and if she is always able to do this, she shall be always unharmed.
ὅταν δὲ ἀδυνατήσασα ἐπισπέσθαι μὴ ἴδῃ, καί τινι συντυχίᾳ χρησαμένη λήθης τε καὶ κακίας πλησθεῖσα βαρυνθῇ, βαρυνθεῖσα δὲ πτερορρυήσῃ τε καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν πέσῃ, τότε νόμος ταύτην μὴ φυτεῦσαι εἰς μηδεμίαν θήρειον φύσιν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ γενέσει, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν πλεῖστα ἰδοῦσαν εἰς γονὴν ἀνδρὸς γενησομένου φιλοσόφου ἢ φιλοκάλου ἢ μουσικοῦ τινος καὶ ἐρωτικοῦ, τὴν δὲ δευτέραν εἰς βασιλέως ἐννόμου ἢ πολεμικοῦ καὶ ἀρχικοῦ, τρίτην εἰς πολιτικοῦ ἤ τινος οἰκονομικοῦ ἢ χρηματιστικοῦ, τετάρτην εἰς φιλοπόνου ἢ γυμναστικοῦ ἢ περὶ σώματος ἴασίν τινος ἐσομένου, πέμπτην μαντικὸν βίον ἤ τινα τελεστικὸν ἕξουσαν·
But when, being unable to follow, she does not see, and meeting with some misfortune, is filled with forgetfulness and vice and is weighed down, and being weighed down, sheds her wings and falls to the earth, then the law ordains that she shall not be planted in any beast-like nature in her first generation.
ἕκτῃ ποιητικὸς ἢ τῶν περὶ μίμησίν τις ἄλλος ἁρμόσει, ἑβδόμῃ δημιουργικὸς ἢ γεωργικός, ὀγδόῃ σοφιστικὸς ἢ δημοκοπικός, ἐνάτῃ τυραννικός.
Instead, the soul that has seen most shall be planted in the seed of a man who is to become a philosopher, or a lover of beauty, or someone musical and loving; the second in that of a lawful king or a warrior and ruler; the third in that of a politician, or some manager of a household or money-maker; the fourth in that of a lover of toil or a gymnast, or someone who will be concerned with the healing of the body; the fifth in one who will have a prophetic life or some initiatory office; to the sixth, a poetical life or some other of those concerned with imitation will be suited; to the seventh, a craftsman or a farmer; to the eighth, a sophist or a demagogue; to the ninth, a tyrannical life.
§249ΣΩ. ἐν δὴ τούτοις ἅπασιν ὃς μὲν ἂν δικαίως διαγάγῃ ἀμείνονος μοίρας μεταλαμβάνει, ὃς δʼ ἂν ἀδίκως, χείρονος·
SOCRATES: Now in all these lives, whoever passes his time justly receives a better lot, and whoever unjustly, a worse.
εἰς μὲν γὰρ τὸ αὐτὸ ὅθεν ἥκει ἡ ψυχὴ ἑκάστη οὐκ ἀφικνεῖται ἐτῶν μυρίων— οὐ γὰρ πτεροῦται πρὸ τοσούτου χρόνου—πλὴν ἡ τοῦ φιλοσοφήσαντος ἀδόλως ἢ παιδεραστήσαντος μετὰ φιλοσοφίας, αὗται δὲ τρίτῃ περιόδῳ τῇ χιλιετεῖ, ἐὰν ἕλωνται τρὶς ἐφεξῆς τὸν βίον τοῦτον, οὕτω πτερωθεῖσαι τρισχιλιοστῷ ἔτει ἀπέρχονται.
For each soul does not return to the same place from which it came for ten thousand years— for it does not grow wings before that time—except the soul of him who has philosophized without guile, or who has loved boys along with philosophy. These, in the third thousand-year period, if they choose this life three times in succession, thus grow wings and depart in the three-thousandth year.
αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι, ὅταν τὸν πρῶτον βίον τελευτήσωσιν, κρίσεως ἔτυχον, κριθεῖσαι δὲ αἱ μὲν εἰς τὰ ὑπὸ γῆς δικαιωτήρια ἐλθοῦσαι δίκην ἐκτίνουσιν, αἱ δʼ εἰς τοὐρανοῦ τινα τόπον ὑπὸ τῆς Δίκης κουφισθεῖσαι διάγουσιν ἀξίως οὗ ἐν ἀνθρώπου εἴδει ἐβίωσαν βίου.
But the others, when they finish their first life, receive judgment; and having been judged, some go to the places of correction under the earth and pay the penalty, while others, lightened by Justice, are carried up to some place in heaven and live a life worthy of the life they lived in human form.
τῷ δὲ χιλιοστῷ ἀμφότεραι ἀφικνούμεναι ἐπὶ κλήρωσίν τε καὶ αἵρεσιν τοῦ δευτέρου βίου αἱροῦνται ὃν ἂν θέλῃ ἑκάστη·
And in the thousandth year, both arriving at the drawing of lots and the choice of their second life, choose whichever life each wills.
ἔνθα καὶ εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψυχὴ ἀφικνεῖται, καὶ ἐκ θηρίου ὅς ποτε ἄνθρωπος ἦν πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον.
There even a human soul may enter into the life of a beast, and from a beast, one who was once a human being may return again into a human being.
οὐ γὰρ ἥ γε μήποτε ἰδοῦσα τὴν ἀλήθειαν εἰς τόδε ἥξει τὸ σχῆμα.
For the soul that has never seen the truth will not come into this human form.
δεῖ γὰρ ἄνθρωπον συνιέναι κατʼ εἶδος λεγόμενον, ἐκ πολλῶν ἰὸν αἰσθήσεων εἰς ἓν λογισμῷ συναιρούμενον·
For a human being must understand according to what is called a class, going from many sensations to a single thing summarized by reasoning.
τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶν ἀνάμνησις ἐκείνων ἅ ποτʼ εἶδεν ἡμῶν ἡ ψυχὴ συμπορευθεῖσα θεῷ καὶ ὑπεριδοῦσα ἃ νῦν εἶναί φαμεν, καὶ ἀνακύψασα εἰς τὸ ὂν ὄντως.
And this is the recollection of those things which our soul once saw when journeying with God, looking down upon what we now say exists, and raising her head into that which truly is.
διὸ δὴ δικαίως μόνη πτεροῦται ἡ τοῦ φιλοσόφου διάνοια· πρὸς γὰρ ἐκείνοις ἀεί ἐστιν μνήμῃ κατὰ δύναμιν, πρὸς οἷσπερ θεὸς ὢν θεῖός ἐστιν.
Therefore, it is just that only the mind of the philosopher grows wings; for he is always, to the extent of his power, close in memory to those things, by being close to which a god is divine.
τοῖς δὲ δὴ τοιούτοις ἀνὴρ ὑπομνήμασιν ὀρθῶς χρώμενος, τελέους ἀεὶ τελετὰς τελούμενος, τέλεος ὄντως μόνος γίγνεται·
And a man who uses such recollections rightly, always being initiated into perfect mysteries, alone becomes truly perfect.
ἐξιστάμενος δὲ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων σπουδασμάτων καὶ πρὸς τῷ θείῳ γιγνόμενος, νουθετεῖται μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν ὡς παρακινῶν, ἐνθουσιάζων δὲ λέληθεν τοὺς πολλούς.
Standing aside from human concerns and coming close to the divine, he is rebuked by the multitude as being out of his mind, but it escapes the notice of the multitude that he is possessed by a god.
ἔστι δὴ οὖν δεῦρο ὁ πᾶς ἥκων λόγος περὶ τῆς τετάρτης μανίας—ἣν ὅταν τὸ τῇδέ τις ὁρῶν κάλλος, τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἀναμιμνῃσκόμενος, πτερῶταί τε καὶ ἀναπτερούμενος προθυμούμενος ἀναπτέσθαι, ἀδυνατῶν δέ, ὄρνιθος δίκην βλέπων ἄνω, τῶν κάτω δὲ ἀμελῶν, αἰτίαν ἔχει ὡς μανικῶς διακείμενος—ὡς ἄρα αὕτη πασῶν τῶν ἐνθουσιάσεων ἀρίστη τε καὶ ἐξ ἀρίστων τῷ τε ἔχοντι καὶ τῷ κοινωνοῦντι αὐτῆς γίγνεται, καὶ ὅτι ταύτης μετέχων τῆς μανίας ὁ ἐρῶν τῶν καλῶν ἐραστὴς καλεῖται.
So the whole discourse has arrived here, concerning the fourth madness—which occurs when someone, seeing the beauty here, and being reminded of the true beauty, grows wings and, fluttering, is eager to fly upward, but being unable, looks upward like a bird, neglecting the things below, and receives the charge of being in a mad state—namely, that this is indeed the best of all inspirations and from the best sources, both for him who has it and for him who shares in it, and that he who participates in this madness, loving beautiful things, is called a lover.