§181οἷον ὃ νῦν ἡμεῖς ποιοῦμεν, ἢ πίνειν ἢ ᾁδειν ἢ διαλέγεσθαι, οὐκ ἔστι τούτων αὐτὸ καλὸν οὐδέν, ἀλλʼ ἐν τῇ πράξει, ὡς ἂν πραχθῇ, τοιοῦτον ἀπέβη·
For example, what we are doing now, either drinking or singing or conversing—none of these is beautiful in itself, but in the performance of it, according to how it is performed, it turns out to be of such a character.
καλῶς μὲν γὰρ πραττόμενον καὶ ὀρθῶς καλὸν γίγνεται, μὴ ὀρθῶς δὲ αἰσχρόν.
For when it is performed beautifully and correctly, it becomes beautiful, but when not correctly, shameful.
οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸ ἐρᾶν καὶ ὁ Ἔρως οὐ πᾶς ἐστι καλὸς οὐδὲ ἄξιος ἐγκωμιάζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ ὁ καλῶς προτρέπων ἐρᾶν.
Thus, indeed, loving and Eros are not in every case beautiful or worthy of praise, but only that Eros which impels us to love beautifully.
ὁ μὲν οὖν τῆς Πανδήμου Ἀφροδίτης ὡς ἀληθῶς πάνδημός ἐστι καὶ ἐξεργάζεται ὅτι ἂν τύχῃ· καὶ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν οἱ φαῦλοι τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐρῶσιν.
Now the Eros of the Common Aphrodite is truly common and effects whatever happens to come along; and this is the one which the base among men love.
ἐρῶσι δὲ οἱ τοιοῦτοι πρῶτον μὲν οὐχ ἧττον γυναικῶν ἢ παίδων, ἔπειτα ὧν καὶ ἐρῶσι τῶν σωμάτων μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν ψυχῶν, ἔπειτα ὡς ἂν δύνωνται ἀνοητοτάτων, πρὸς τὸ διαπράξασθαι μόνον βλέποντες, ἀμελοῦντες δὲ τοῦ καλῶς ἢ μή·
Such people love, first, women no less than boys; next, they love the bodies of those they love rather than their souls; and next, they love those who are as foolish as possible, looking only to the accomplishment of their purpose, and disregarding whether it is done beautifully or not.
ὅθεν δὴ συμβαίνει αὐτοῖς ὅτι ἂν τύχωσι τοῦτο πράττειν, ὁμοίως μὲν ἀγαθόν, ὁμοίως δὲ τοὐναντίον.
Whence indeed it happens to them to do whatever they chance to do, whether good or the opposite, indifferently.
ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς θεοῦ νεωτέρας τε οὔσης πολὺ ἢ τῆς ἑτέρας, καὶ μετεχούσης ἐν τῇ γενέσει καὶ θήλεος καὶ ἄρρενος.
For this Eros is derived from the goddess who is much younger than the other, and who in her birth partook of both female and male.
ὁ δὲ τῆς Οὐρανίας πρῶτον μὲν οὐ μετεχούσης θήλεος ἀλλʼ ἄρρενος μόνον—καὶ ἔστιν οὗτος ὁ τῶν παίδων ἔρως—ἔπειτα πρεσβυτέρας, ὕβρεως ἀμοίρου·
But the Eros of the Heavenly Aphrodite, first, partakes not of female but of male only—and this is the love of boys—and next, is derived from the older goddess, who is free from insolence.
ὅθεν δὴ ἐπὶ τὸ ἄρρεν τρέπονται οἱ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ἔρωτος ἔπιπνοι, τὸ φύσει ἐρρωμενέστερον καὶ νοῦν μᾶλλον ἔχον ἀγαπῶντες.
Whence indeed those inspired by this love turn toward the male, cherishing that which is naturally stronger and possesses more mind.
καί τις ἂν γνοίη καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ παιδεραστίᾳ τοὺς εἰλικρινῶς ὑπὸ τούτου τοῦ ἔρωτος ὡρμημένους· οὐ γὰρ ἐρῶσι παίδων, ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὰν ἤδη ἄρχωνται νοῦν ἴσχειν, τοῦτο δὲ πλησιάζει τῷ γενειάσκειν.
And one might recognize even in boy-loving itself those who are purely impelled by this love; for they do not love young children, but only when they already begin to possess mind, and this is close to the time of growing a beard.
παρεσκευασμένοι γὰρ οἶμαί εἰσιν οἱ ἐντεῦθεν ἀρχόμενοι ἐρᾶν ὡς τὸν βίον ἅπαντα συνεσόμενοι καὶ κοινῇ συμβιωσόμενοι, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐξαπατήσαντες, ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ λαβόντες ὡς νέον, καταγελάσαντες οἰχήσεσθαι ἐπʼ ἄλλον ἀποτρέχοντες.
For those who begin to love from this point are prepared, I think, to be together and live their lives in common for the whole of life, rather than deceiving them, taking advantage of them as young in their ignorance, and then abandoning them with mockery, running off to someone else.
χρῆν δὲ καὶ νόμον εἶναι μὴ ἐρᾶν παίδων, ἵνα μὴ εἰς ἄδηλον πολλὴ σπουδὴ ἀνηλίσκετο· τὸ γὰρ τῶν παίδων τέλος ἄδηλον οἷ τελευτᾷ κακίας καὶ ἀρετῆς ψυχῆς τε πέρι καὶ σώματος.
There ought indeed to be a law against loving young boys, so that much zeal might not be wasted on an uncertain end; for the end of young boys is uncertain, where it will turn out in respect to vice and virtue, of both soul and body.
οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀγαθοὶ τὸν νόμον τοῦτον αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς ἑκόντες τίθενται, χρῆν δὲ καὶ τούτους τοὺς πανδήμους ἐραστὰς προσαναγκάζειν τὸ τοιοῦτον, ὥσπερ καὶ τῶν ἐλευθέρων γυναικῶν προσαναγκάζομεν αὐτοὺς καθʼ ὅσον δυνάμεθα μὴ ἐρᾶν.
Now, good men impose this law on themselves voluntarily, but we ought also to compel these common lovers to such a rule, just as we compel them, as far as we are able, not to love freeborn women.
§182οὗτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ καὶ τὸ ὄνειδος πεποιηκότες, ὥστε τινὰς τολμᾶν λέγειν ὡς αἰσχρὸν χαρίζεσθαι ἐρασταῖς· λέγουσι δὲ εἰς τούτους ἀποβλέποντες, ὁρῶντες αὐτῶν τὴν ἀκαιρίαν καὶ ἀδικίαν, ἐπεὶ οὐ δήπου κοσμίως γε καὶ νομίμως ὁτιοῦν πρᾶγμα πραττόμενον ψόγον ἂν δικαίως φέροι.
For these are the ones who have also caused the reproach, so that some dare to say that it is shameful to gratify lovers; and they say this looking to these common lovers, seeing their untimeliness and injustice, since surely no action performed in an orderly and lawful manner could justly bring blame.
καὶ δὴ καὶ ὁ περὶ τὸν ἔρωτα νόμος ἐν μὲν ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσι νοῆσαι ῥᾴδιος, ἁπλῶς γὰρ ὥρισται· ὁ δʼ ἐνθάδε καὶ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι ποικίλος.
And indeed, the law concerning love in other cities is easy to understand, for it is simply defined; but the law here and in Lacedaemon is complex.
ἐν Ἤλιδι μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἐν Βοιωτοῖς, καὶ οὗ μὴ σοφοὶ λέγειν, ἁπλῶς νενομοθέτηται καλὸν τὸ χαρίζεσθαι ἐρασταῖς, καὶ οὐκ ἄν τις εἴποι οὔτε νέος οὔτε παλαιὸς ὡς αἰσχρόν, ἵνα οἶμαι μὴ πράγματʼ ἔχωσιν λόγῳ πειρώμενοι πείθειν τοὺς νέους, ἅτε ἀδύνατοι λέγειν·
For in Elis and among the Boeotians, and where men are not clever in speech, it has been simply established by law that it is beautiful to gratify lovers, and no one, young or old, would say it is shameful, in order, I think, that they might not have trouble trying to persuade the young by speech, being incapable of speaking.
τῆς δὲ Ἰωνίας καὶ ἄλλοθι πολλαχοῦ αἰσχρὸν νενόμισται, ὅσοι ὑπὸ βαρβάροις οἰκοῦσιν.
But in Ionia and many other places, as many as dwell under barbarians, it has been deemed shameful.
τοῖς γὰρ βαρβάροις διὰ τὰς τυραννίδας αἰσχρὸν τοῦτό γε καὶ ἥ γε φιλοσοφία καὶ ἡ φιλογυμναστία· οὐ γὰρ οἶμαι συμφέρει τοῖς ἄρχουσι φρονήματα μεγάλα ἐγγίγνεσθαι τῶν ἀρχομένων, οὐδὲ φιλίας ἰσχυρὰς καὶ κοινωνίας, ὃ δὴ μάλιστα φιλεῖ τά τε ἄλλα πάντα καὶ ὁ ἔρως ἐμποιεῖν.
For to the barbarians, because of their tyrannies, this indeed is shameful, and also philosophy and love of gymnastics; for I suppose it does not benefit the rulers for great spirits to arise in their subjects, nor strong friendships and associations, which indeed everything else and especially love is accustomed to create.
ἔργῳ δὲ τοῦτο ἔμαθον καὶ οἱ ἐνθάδε τύραννοι· ὁ γὰρ Ἀριστογείτονος ἔρως καὶ ἡ Ἁρμοδίου φιλία βέβαιος γενομένη κατέλυσεν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀρχήν.
And the tyrants here learned this by actual deed; for the love of Aristogeiton and the friendship of Harmodius, having become firm, destroyed their rule.
οὕτως οὗ μὲν αἰσχρὸν ἐτέθη χαρίζεσθαι ἐρασταῖς, κακίᾳ τῶν θεμένων κεῖται, τῶν μὲν ἀρχόντων πλεονεξίᾳ, τῶν δὲ ἀρχομένων ἀνανδρίᾳ· οὗ δὲ καλὸν ἁπλῶς ἐνομίσθη, διὰ τὴν τῶν θεμένων τῆς ψυχῆς ἀργίαν.
Thus, where it was established as shameful to gratify lovers, it is due to the vice of those who established it—to the greed of the rulers and the cowardice of the ruled; but where it was simply deemed beautiful, it is due to the mental laziness of those who established it.
ἐνθάδε δὲ πολὺ τούτων κάλλιον νενομοθέτηται, καὶ ὅπερ εἶπον, οὐ ῥᾴδιον κατανοῆσαι.
But here a much more beautiful law has been established, and as I said, it is not easy to understand.