§177φάναι δὴ πάντας καὶ βούλεσθαι καὶ κελεύειν αὐτὸν εἰσηγεῖσθαι.
He said indeed that everyone both wished and urged him to propose.
εἰπεῖν οὖν τὸν Ἐρυξίμαχον ὅτι ἡ μέν μοι ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου ἐστὶ κατὰ τὴν Εὐριπίδου Μελανίππην· οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸς ὁ μῦθος, ἀλλὰ Φαίδρου τοῦδε, ὃν μέλλω λέγειν.
Then Eryximachus said, "My beginning of the speech is according to the Melanippe of Euripides; for the story is not mine, but that of Phaedrus here, which I am about to tell.
Φαῖδρος γὰρ ἑκάστοτε πρός με ἀγανακτῶν λέγει οὐ δεινόν, φησίν, ὦ Ἐρυξίμαχε, ἄλλοις μέν τισι θεῶν ὕμνους καὶ παίωνας εἶναι ὑπὸ τῶν ποιητῶν πεποιημένους, τῷ δὲ Ἔρωτι, τηλικούτῳ ὄντι καὶ τοσούτῳ θεῷ, μηδὲ ἕνα πώποτε τοσούτων γεγονότων ποιητῶν πεποιηκέναι μηδὲν ἐγκώμιον;
For Phaedrus is constantly saying to me in indignation: 'Is it not a terrible thing, Eryximachus, that while to certain other gods there are hymns and paeans composed by the poets, yet to Eros, who is such a great and powerful god, not even one of so many poets who have existed has ever composed a single encomium?
εἰ δὲ βούλει αὖ σκέψασθαι τοὺς χρηστοὺς σοφιστάς, Ἡρακλέους μὲν καὶ ἄλλων ἐπαίνους καταλογάδην συγγράφειν, ὥσπερ ὁ βέλτιστος Πρόδικος—καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ἧττον καὶ θαυμαστόν, ἀλλʼ ἔγωγε ἤδη τινὶ ἐνέτυχον βιβλίῳ ἀνδρὸς σοφοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἐνῆσαν ἅλες ἔπαινον θαυμάσιον ἔχοντες πρὸς ὠφελίαν, καὶ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα συχνὰ ἴδοις ἂν ἐγκεκωμιασμένα—τὸ οὖν τοιούτων μὲν πέρι πολλὴν σπουδὴν ποιήσασθαι, ἔρωτα δὲ μηδένα πω ἀνθρώπων τετολμηκέναι εἰς ταυτηνὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ἀξίως ὑμνῆσαι· ἀλλʼ οὕτως ἠμέληται τοσοῦτος θεός.
And if you wish, on the other hand, to consider the worthy sophists, they write praises in prose of Heracles and others, just as the excellent Prodicus does—and this is less to be wondered at, but I once encountered a book by a wise man in which there were salts having a wonderful praise for their utility, and many other such things you might see eulogized—that, then, while they make much ado about such things, no man yet to this day has dared to praise Eros worthily; but so neglected is such a great god.' This seems to me to be well said by Phaedrus.
ταῦτα δή μοι δοκεῖ εὖ λέγειν Φαῖδρος. ἐγὼ οὖν ἐπιθυμῶ ἅμα μὲν τούτῳ ἔρανον εἰσενεγκεῖν καὶ χαρίσασθαι, ἅμα δʼ ἐν τῷ παρόντι πρέπον μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἡμῖν τοῖς παροῦσι κοσμῆσαι τὸν θεόν.
I, therefore, desire both to contribute my share to him and to please him, and at the same time, in the present circumstance, it seems to me fitting for us who are present to adorn the god.
εἰ οὖν συνδοκεῖ καὶ ὑμῖν, γένοιτʼ ἂν ἡμῖν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανὴ διατριβή· δοκεῖ γάρ μοι χρῆναι ἕκαστον ἡμῶν λόγον εἰπεῖν ἔπαινον Ἔρωτος ἐπὶ δεξιὰ ὡς ἂν δύνηται κάλλιστον, ἄρχειν δὲ Φαῖδρον πρῶτον, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πρῶτος κατάκειται καὶ ἔστιν ἅμα πατὴρ τοῦ λόγου. οὐδείς σοι, ὦ Ἐρυξίμαχε, φάναι τὸν Σωκράτη, ἐναντία ψηφιεῖται.
If, therefore, it seems good to you too, there would be a sufficient pastime for us in speeches; for it seems to me that each of us should speak a speech in praise of Eros from left to right as beautifully as he can, and that Phaedrus should begin first, since he is indeed reclined first and is at the same time the father of the speech." "No one, Eryximachus," Socrates said, "will vote against you.
οὔτε γὰρ ἄν που ἐγὼ ἀποφήσαιμι, ὃς οὐδέν φημι ἄλλο ἐπίστασθαι ἢ τὰ ἐρωτικά, οὔτε που Ἀγάθων καὶ Παυσανίας, οὐδὲ μὴν Ἀριστοφάνης, ᾧ περὶ Διόνυσον καὶ Ἀφροδίτην πᾶσα ἡ διατριβή, οὐδὲ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς τουτωνὶ ὧν ἐγὼ ὁρῶ.
For neither would I, of course, refuse, who say that I understand nothing else than matters of love, nor would Agathon and Pausanias, nor indeed Aristophanes, whose whole activity is around Dionysus and Aphrodite, nor anyone else of these whom I see here.
καίτοι οὐκ ἐξ ἴσου γίγνεται ἡμῖν τοῖς ὑστάτοις κατακειμένοις· ἀλλʼ ἐὰν οἱ πρόσθεν ἱκανῶς καὶ καλῶς εἴπωσιν, ἐξαρκέσει ἡμῖν.
And yet, it does not happen on equal terms for us who are reclined last; but if those before us speak sufficiently and beautifully, it will be enough for us.
ἀλλὰ τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ καταρχέτω Φαῖδρος καὶ ἐγκωμιαζέτω τὸν ἔρωτα. ταῦτα δὴ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες ἄρα συνέφασάν τε καὶ ἐκέλευον ἅπερ ὁ Σωκράτης.
But with good fortune let Phaedrus begin and praise Eros." Indeed, all the others too agreed and urged the very same things that Socrates did.
πάντων μὲν οὖν ἃ ἕκαστος εἶπεν, οὔτε πάνυ ὁ Ἀριστόδημος ἐμέμνητο οὔτʼ αὖ ἐγὼ ἃ ἐκεῖνος ἔλεγε πάντα· ἃ δὲ μάλιστα καὶ ὧν ἔδοξέ μοι ἀξιομνημόνευτον, τούτων ὑμῖν ἐρῶ ἑκάστου τὸν λόγον.
Now, as for all the things that each said, Aristodemus did not entirely remember them all, nor indeed do I remember all that he told me; but those things which were most of all and of which it seemed to me memorable, of these I will tell you the speech of each.
§178πρῶτον μὲν γάρ, ὥσπερ λέγω, ἔφη Φαῖδρον ἀρξάμενον ἐνθένδε ποθὲν λέγειν, ὅτι μέγας θεὸς εἴη ὁ Ἔρως καὶ θαυμαστὸς ἐν ἀνθρώποις τε καὶ θεοῖς, πολλαχῇ μὲν καὶ ἄλλῃ, οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ κατὰ τὴν γένεσιν.
First indeed, just as I say, he said that Phaedrus, beginning from somewhere about here, said that Eros was a great god and wonderful among men and gods, in many other ways indeed, and not least in respect to his origin.
τὸ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς πρεσβύτατον εἶναι τὸν θεὸν τίμιον, ἦ δʼ ὅς, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου· γονῆς γὰρ Ἔρωτος οὔτʼ εἰσὶν οὔτε λέγονται ὑπʼ οὐδενὸς οὔτε ἰδιώτου οὔτε ποιητοῦ, ἀλλʼ Ἡσίοδος πρῶτον μὲν Χάος φησὶ γενέσθαι—
"
αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα
Γαῖʼ εὐρύστερνος, πάντων ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεί,
ἠδʼ Ἔρος
"
Ἡσιόδῳ δὲ καὶ Ἀκουσίλεως σύμφησιν μετὰ τὸ Χάος δύο τούτω γενέσθαι, Γῆν τε καὶ ἔρωτα.
"For that the god is among the oldest is honorable," he said, "and the proof of this: for parents of Eros neither exist nor are they mentioned by anyone, whether prose-writer or poet, but Hesiod says that first Chaos came to be, 'but then / broad-bosomed Gaia, a safe seat for all always, / and Eros.' And with Hesiod, Acusilaus also agrees, that after Chaos these two came to be, Earth and Eros.
Παρμενίδης δὲ τὴν γένεσιν λέγει—
"
πρώτιστον μὲν ἔρωτα θεῶν μητίσατο πάντων. "
οὕτω πολλαχόθεν ὁμολογεῖται ὁ Ἔρως ἐν τοῖς πρεσβύτατος εἶναι.
And Parmenides says of his birth: 'First indeed of all the gods she devised Eros.' Thus from many quarters it is agreed that Eros is among the oldest.
πρεσβύτατος δὲ ὢν μεγίστων ἀγαθῶν ἡμῖν αἴτιός ἐστιν.
And being the oldest, he is the cause of the greatest goods for us.
οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἔχω εἰπεῖν ὅτι μεῖζόν ἐστιν ἀγαθὸν εὐθὺς νέῳ ὄντι ἢ ἐραστὴς χρηστὸς καὶ ἐραστῇ παιδικά.
For I, at least, cannot say that there is any greater good immediately for a young man than a good lover, and for a lover than a beloved.
ὃ γὰρ χρὴ ἀνθρώποις ἡγεῖσθαι παντὸς τοῦ βίου τοῖς μέλλουσι καλῶς βιώσεσθαι, τοῦτο οὔτε συγγένεια οἵα τε ἐμποιεῖν οὕτω καλῶς οὔτε τιμαὶ οὔτε πλοῦτος οὔτʼ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ὡς ἔρως.
For that which ought to guide men throughout their whole life who intend to live beautifully, this neither kinship is able to implant so beautifully, nor honors, nor wealth, nor anything else as eros.
λέγω δὲ δὴ τί τοῦτο;
And what do I mean by this?
τὴν ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς αἰσχροῖς αἰσχύνην, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς καλοῖς φιλοτιμίαν· οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἄνευ τούτων οὔτε πόλιν οὔτε ἰδιώτην μεγάλα καὶ καλὰ ἔργα ἐξεργάζεσθαι.
The shame at shameful things, and the love of honor in beautiful things; for without these it is not possible for either a city or an individual to perform great and beautiful deeds.
φημὶ τοίνυν ἐγὼ ἄνδρα ὅστις ἐρᾷ, εἴ τι αἰσχρὸν ποιῶν κατάδηλος γίγνοιτο ἢ πάσχων ὑπό του διʼ ἀνανδρίαν μὴ ἀμυνόμενος, οὔτʼ ἂν ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὀφθέντα οὕτως ἀλγῆσαι οὔτε ὑπὸ ἑταίρων οὔτε ὑπʼ ἄλλου οὐδενὸς ὡς ὑπὸ παιδικῶν.
I say, therefore, that a man who loves, if he should be seen doing anything shameful, or suffering it from anyone through cowardice and not defending himself, would not suffer so much when seen by his father, nor by his companions, nor by any other as by his beloved.
ταὐτὸν δὲ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν ἐρώμενον ὁρῶμεν, ὅτι διαφερόντως τοὺς ἐραστὰς αἰσχύνεται, ὅταν ὀφθῇ ἐν αἰσχρῷ τινι ὤν.
And this same thing we see also in the beloved, that he is exceptionally ashamed before his lovers when he is seen in any shameful state.
εἰ οὖν μηχανή τις γένοιτο ὥστε πόλιν γενέσθαι ἢ στρατόπεδον ἐραστῶν τε καὶ παιδικῶν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν ἄμεινον οἰκήσειαν τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἢ ἀπεχόμενοι πάντων τῶν αἰσχρῶν καὶ φιλοτιμούμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, καὶ μαχόμενοί γʼ ἂν μετʼ ἀλλήλων οἱ τοιοῦτοι νικῷεν ἂν ὀλίγοι ὄντες ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν πάντας ἀνθρώπους.
If, therefore, some device could be found so that there should be a city or an army of lovers and beloved, there is no way they could inhabit their own land better than by abstaining from all shameful things and vying for honor with one another; and fighting together, such men, though few, would conquer, so to speak, all mankind."