§136καὶ καλῶς γʼ, ἔφη.
"And very well too," he said.
χρὴ δὲ καὶ τόδε ἔτι πρὸς τούτῳ ποιεῖν, μὴ μόνον εἰ ἔστιν ἕκαστον ὑποτιθέμενον σκοπεῖν τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἐκ τῆς ὑποθέσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰ μὴ ἔστι τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὑποτίθεσθαι, εἰ βούλει μᾶλλον γυμνασθῆναι. πῶς λέγεις; φάναι.
"But you must also do this in addition to that, if you wish to be trained more: not only to assume if each thing exists and examine the consequences following from the hypothesis, but also to assume if this very same thing does not exist." "How do you mean?" he said.
οἷον, ἔφη, εἰ βούλει, περὶ ταύτης τῆς ὑποθέσεως ἣν Ζήνων ὑπέθετο, εἰ πολλά ἐστι, τί χρὴ συμβαίνειν καὶ αὐτοῖς τοῖς πολλοῖς πρὸς αὑτὰ καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἓν καὶ τῷ ἑνὶ πρός τε αὑτὸ καὶ πρὸς τὰ πολλά· καὶ αὖ εἰ μή ἐστι πολλά, πάλιν σκοπεῖν τί συμβήσεται καὶ τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς καὶ πρὸς αὑτὰ καὶ πρὸς ἄλληλα· καὶ αὖθις αὖ ἐὰν ὑποθῇ εἰ ἔστιν ὁμοιότης ἢ εἰ μὴ ἔστιν, τί ἐφʼ ἑκατέρας τῆς ὑποθέσεως συμβήσεται καὶ αὐτοῖς τοῖς ὑποτεθεῖσιν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ πρὸς αὑτὰ καὶ πρὸς ἄλληλα.
"For example," he said, "if you like, regarding this hypothesis which Zeno hypothesized, 'if many exist', what must follow both for the many themselves in relation to themselves and to the one, and for the one in relation to itself and to the many; and in turn, if many do not exist, to examine again what will follow both for the one and for the many, both in relation to themselves and to one another; and again, if you hypothesize 'if likeness exists' or 'if it does not exist', what will follow under each of the two hypotheses both for the hypothesized things themselves and for the others, both in relation to themselves and to one another.
καὶ περὶ ἀνομοίου ὁ αὐτὸς λόγος καὶ περὶ κινήσεως καὶ περὶ στάσεως καὶ περὶ γενέσεως καὶ φθορᾶς καὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ εἶναι καὶ τοῦ μὴ εἶναι· καὶ ἑνὶ λόγῳ, περὶ ὅτου ἂν ἀεὶ ὑποθῇ ὡς ὄντος καὶ ὡς οὐκ ὄντος καὶ ὁτιοῦν ἄλλο πάθος πάσχοντος, δεῖ σκοπεῖν τὰ συμβαίνοντα πρὸς αὑτὸ καὶ πρὸς ἓν ἕκαστον τῶν ἄλλων, ὅτι ἂν προέλῃ, καὶ πρὸς πλείω καὶ πρὸς σύμπαντα ὡσαύτως· καὶ τἆλλα αὖ πρὸς αὑτά τε καὶ πρὸς ἄλλο ὅτι ἂν προαιρῇ ἀεί, ἐάντε ὡς ὂν ὑποθῇ ὃ ὑπετίθεσο, ἄντε ὡς μὴ ὄν, εἰ μέλλεις τελέως γυμνασάμενος κυρίως διόψεσθαι τὸ ἀληθές. ἀμήχανόν γʼ ἔφη, λέγεις, ὦ Παρμενίδη, πραγματείαν, καὶ οὐ σφόδρα μανθάνω.
And the same argument holds also for the unlike, and for motion, and for rest, and for generation and destruction, and for being itself and not-being; and in a word, concerning whatever you may at any time hypothesize as being or as not being, or as undergoing any other affection whatsoever, you must examine the consequences in relation to itself and in relation to each single one of the others, whichever you may select, and in relation to more of them, and to all of them together in the same way; and again, the others in relation to themselves and to any other thing you may select at any time, whether you hypothesized that which you hypothesized as being or as not being, if you are to see through the truth in the proper sense after being perfectly trained." "You speak of an impossible task, Parmenides," he said, "and I do not quite understand.
ἀλλά μοι τί οὐ διῆλθες αὐτὸς ὑποθέμενός τι, ἵνα μᾶλλον καταμάθω; πολὺ ἔργον, φάναι, ὦ Σώκρατες, προστάττεις ὡς τηλικῷδε. ἀλλὰ σύ, εἰπεῖν τὸν Σωκράτη, Ζήνων, τί οὐ διῆλθες ἡμῖν; καὶ τὸν Ζήνωνα ἔφη γελάσαντα φάναι· αὐτοῦ, ὦ Σώκρατες, δεώμεθα Παρμενίδου· μὴ γὰρ οὐ φαῦλον ᾖ ὃ λέγει.
But why do you not yourself go through it, hypothesizing something, so that I may understand better?" "You impose a great task, Socrates," he said, "on one of my age." "But you, Zeno," said Socrates, "why do you not go through it for us?" And he said Zeno laughed and said: "Let us petition Parmenides himself, Socrates; for I fear what he says may be no light matter.
ἢ οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅσον ἔργον προστάττεις;
Or do you not see how great a task you are imposing?
εἰ μὲν οὖν πλείους ἦμεν, οὐκ ἂν ἄξιον ἦν δεῖσθαι· ἀπρεπῆ γὰρ τὰ τοιαῦτα πολλῶν ἐναντίον λέγειν ἄλλως τε καὶ τηλικούτῳ·
Now if we were more numerous, it would not be proper to ask; for it is unseemly to speak of such things before many, especially for one of his age.
ἀγνοοῦσιν γὰρ οἱ πολλοὶ ὅτι ἄνευ ταύτης τῆς διὰ πάντων διεξόδου τε καὶ πλάνης ἀδύνατον ἐντυχόντα τῷ ἀληθεῖ νοῦν σχεῖν.
For the many do not know that without this complete passage through all things and wandering, it is impossible to light upon the truth and acquire intelligence.
ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν, ὦ Παρμενίδη, Σωκράτει συνδέομαι, ἵνα καὶ αὐτὸς διακούσω διὰ χρόνου. ταῦτα δὴ εἰπόντος τοῦ Ζήνωνος, ἔφη ὁ Ἀντιφῶν φάναι τὸν Πυθόδωρον, αὐτόν τε δεῖσθαι τοῦ Παρμενίδου καὶ τὸν Ἀριστοτέλη καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐνδείξασθαι ὃ λέγοι καὶ μὴ ἄλλως ποιεῖν.
Therefore, Parmenides, I join in the petition of Socrates, so that I too may hear it fully after a long time." When Zeno had said this, Pythodorus said, according to Antiphon, that he himself and Aristotle and the others begged Parmenides to demonstrate what he meant and not to do otherwise.
τὸν οὖν Παρμενίδην· ἀνάγκη, φάναι, πείθεσθαι.
Parmenides, therefore, said: "I must comply."