Humanitext Reader

Plato · Apology §33

Denial of Being a Teacher and Support from Relatives

Passage 14 of 19 · Greek

Summary

Socrates asserts that throughout his life he has never compromised on justice and has never acted as anyone's paid teacher, offering his dialogues freely to rich and poor alike. He lists the specific names of many relatives of his young companions present in court to demonstrate that none of them have come forward to accuse him, but rather support him, which refutes the charge of corrupting the youth.

§33ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου δημοσίᾳ τε εἴ πού τι ἔπραξα τοιοῦτος φανοῦμαι, καὶ ἰδίᾳ ὁ αὐτὸς οὗτος, οὐδενὶ πώποτε συγχωρήσας οὐδὲν παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον οὔτε ἄλλῳ οὔτε τούτων οὐδενὶ οὓς δὴ διαβάλλοντες ἐμέ φασιν ἐμοὺς μαθητὰς εἶναι.
But I, throughout my whole life, in public if I have ever done anything, shall show myself to be such a man, and in private I am the very same, never having yielded anything to anyone contrary to justice, neither to any other nor to any of those whom my slanderers say are my disciples.
ἐγὼ δὲ διδάσκαλος μὲν οὐδενὸς πώποτʼ ἐγενόμην· εἰ δέ τίς μου λέγοντος καὶ τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ πράττοντος ἐπιθυμοῖ ἀκούειν, εἴτε νεώτερος εἴτε πρεσβύτερος, οὐδενὶ πώποτε ἐφθόνησα, οὐδὲ χρήματα μὲν λαμβάνων διαλέγομαι μὴ λαμβάνων δὲ οὔ, ἀλλʼ ὁμοίως καὶ πλουσίῳ καὶ πένητι παρέχω ἐμαυτὸν ἐρωτᾶν, καὶ ἐάν τις βούληται ἀποκρινόμενος ἀκούειν ὧν ἂν λέγω.
Indeed, I have never been anyone's teacher; but if anyone, whether younger or older, desires to hear me speaking and attending to my own affairs, I have never begrudged it to anyone, nor do I converse only when I receive money and not when I do not, but I offer myself to be questioned alike by rich and poor, and if anyone wishes, he may answer and hear what I say.
καὶ τούτων ἐγὼ εἴτε τις χρηστὸς γίγνεται εἴτε μή, οὐκ ἂν δικαίως τὴν αἰτίαν ὑπέχοιμι, ὧν μήτε ὑπεσχόμην μηδενὶ μηδὲν πώποτε μάθημα μήτε ἐδίδαξα·
And whether any of these people becomes good or not, I could not justly be held responsible, since I never promised any instruction to anyone nor did I teach them.
εἰ δέ τίς φησι παρʼ ἐμοῦ πώποτέ τι μαθεῖν ἢ ἀκοῦσαι ἰδίᾳ ὅτι μὴ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες, εὖ ἴστε ὅτι οὐκ ἀληθῆ λέγει.
And if anyone says that he ever learned or heard anything from me privately that all the others did not also hear, know well that he is not speaking the truth.
ἀλλὰ διὰ τί δή ποτε μετʼ ἐμοῦ χαίρουσί τινες πολὺν χρόνον διατρίβοντες;
But why then do some enjoy spending a long time with me?
ἀκηκόατε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πᾶσαν ὑμῖν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐγὼ εἶπον· ὅτι ἀκούοντες χαίρουσιν ἐξεταζομένοις τοῖς οἰομένοις μὲν εἶναι σοφοῖς, οὖσι δʼ οὔ.
You have heard, gentlemen of Athens, I have told you the whole truth: they enjoy hearing those who think they are wise, but are not, being examined.
ἔστι γὰρ οὐκ ἀηδές.
For it is not unpleasant.
ἐμοὶ δὲ τοῦτο, ὡς ἐγώ φημι, προστέτακται ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πράττειν καὶ ἐκ μαντείων καὶ ἐξ ἐνυπνίων καὶ παντὶ τρόπῳ ᾧπέρ τίς ποτε καὶ ἄλλη θεία μοῖρα ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ ὁτιοῦν προσέταξε πράττειν.
And to me this has been commanded by the god to do, as I assert, both by oracles and by dreams and in every way by which any other divine dispensation ever commanded a human being to do anything at all.
ταῦτα, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ἀληθῆ ἐστιν καὶ εὐέλεγκτα.
These things, gentlemen of Athens, are both true and easy to verify.
εἰ γὰρ δὴ ἔγωγε τῶν νέων τοὺς μὲν διαφθείρω τοὺς δὲ διέφθαρκα, χρῆν δήπου, εἴτε τινὲς αὐτῶν πρεσβύτεροι γενόμενοι ἔγνωσαν ὅτι νέοις οὖσιν αὐτοῖς ἐγὼ κακὸν πώποτέ τι συνεβούλευσα, νυνὶ αὐτοὺς ἀναβαίνοντας ἐμοῦ κατηγορεῖν καὶ τιμωρεῖσθαι·
For if indeed I am corrupting some of the youth and have corrupted others, those of them who have become older and realized that I ever gave them bad advice when they were young ought surely now to come up, accuse me, and take vengeance.
εἰ δὲ μὴ αὐτοὶ ἤθελον, τῶν οἰκείων τινὰς τῶν ἐκείνων, πατέρας καὶ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἄλλους τοὺς προσήκοντας, εἴπερ ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ τι κακὸν ἐπεπόνθεσαν αὐτῶν οἱ οἰκεῖοι, νῦν μεμνῆσθαι καὶ τιμωρεῖσθαι.
And if they themselves were unwilling, some of their relatives—fathers, brothers, and other kinsmen—if their relatives had suffered any harm from me, ought now to remember it and take vengeance.
πάντως δὲ πάρεισιν αὐτῶν πολλοὶ ἐνταυθοῖ οὓς ἐγὼ ὁρῶ, πρῶτον μὲν Κρίτων οὑτοσί, ἐμὸς ἡλικιώτης καὶ δημότης, Κριτοβούλου τοῦδε πατήρ, ἔπειτα Λυσανίας ὁ Σφήττιος, Αἰσχίνου τοῦδε πατήρ, ἔτι δʼ Ἀντιφῶν ὁ Κηφισιεὺς οὑτοσί, Ἐπιγένους πατήρ, ἄλλοι τοίνυν οὗτοι ὧν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ διατριβῇ γεγόνασιν, Νικόστρατος Θεοζοτίδου, ἀδελφὸς Θεοδότου—καὶ ὁ μὲν Θεόδοτος τετελεύτηκεν, ὥστε οὐκ ἂν ἐκεῖνός γε αὐτοῦ καταδεηθείη—καὶ Παράλιος ὅδε, ὁ Δημοδόκου, οὗ ἦν Θεάγης ἀδελφός· ὅδε δὲ Ἀδείμαντος, ὁ Ἀρίστωνος, οὗ ἀδελφὸς οὑτοσὶ Πλάτων, καὶ Αἰαντόδωρος, οὗ Ἀπολλόδωρος ὅδε ἀδελφός.
At any rate, many of them are present here whom I see: first, Crito here, my contemporary and fellow demesman, the father of Critobulus here; then Lysanias of Sphettus, the father of Aeschines here; and further, Antiphon of Kephisia here, the father of Epigenes; and then these others whose brothers have been in this associate circle: Nicostratus, son of Theozotides, brother of Theodotus—and indeed Theodotus is dead, so that he, at least, could not beg him—and Paralius here, the son of Demodocus, whose brother was Theages; and Adeimantus here, the son of Ariston, whose brother is Plato here; and Aeantodorus, whose brother is Apollodorus here.

Notes

  1. 33bὧν — Relative pronoun. Its antecedent is `τούτων` (of these people) in the preceding clause. It functions as the object of `ὑπεσχόμην` and `ἐδίδαξα` within the relative clause but is attracted into the genitive case by its antecedent (attraction of the relative pronoun).
  2. 33bὅτι μὴ — An idiomatic phrase meaning "except" or "unless." Here it means "unless he heard something privately from me which all the others did not also hear."
  3. 33dχρῆν — Imperfect indicative of the impersonal verb χρή. Used in the apodosis without ἄν, it expresses a past obligation that was not fulfilled, or something that naturally ought to have happened but did not ("they ought to have...").

Cite this passage

Plato, Apology §33. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:33

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