§1#6"ἡ γὰρ ὥρη καυματώδης καὶ χολωδέστερόν ἐστι τὸ σῶμα καὶ αἱ βαρύτητες ἐν τῇ ὀσφύϊ καὶ ἐν τοῖσι γούνασι καὶ θερμὰ γίνονται καὶ ἐν γαστρὶ στρόφοι γίνονται.
"For the season is hot, and the body is more bilious, and heaviness in the loins and in the knees occurs, and they become hot, and griping occurs in the belly.
δεῖ οὖν τὸ σῶμα ψύχειν καὶ τὰ μετεωριζόμενα κάτω ὑπάγειν ἀπὸ τῶν χωρίων τουτέων. "[q. 1]
Τίνα καλεῖ κατακλύσματα διὰ τῶν ἐφεξῆς ἐδήλωσεν αὐτός. τά τε ἀπὸ τῶν γαλάκτων εἰπὼν καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐρεβίνθων ἑψημένον ὕδωρ ἅλμην τε καὶ θάλασσαν.
It is necessary, therefore, to cool the body and to draw down what is raised up from these regions." [q.1] What he calls enemas he himself has clarified in what follows, mentioning those made from milk, and water boiled with chickpeas, brine, and sea-water.
ἕτερα γάρ ἐστι τούτων τὰ καθαίροντα φάρμακα κενωτικὰ τοῦ παν-τὸς σώματος ὄντα.
For purging drugs are different from these, being evacuants of the whole body.
ὥσπερ οὖν τὰ βαλανεῖα κατακλύζειν οἱ βαλανεῖς λέγουσι, τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς λίθων ἀποπλύνοντες τὸν πηλὸν καὶ τὸν ῥύπον, οὕτω καὶ τὰ τῆς γαστρός τε καὶ τῶν ἐντέρων κατακλύσματα, περιπλύνει τὸ φλέγμα καὶ τὴν χο-λὴν αὐτῶν.
Just as, therefore, the bath-attendants say they wash down the baths, washing away the mud and dirt from the stones in them, so also the enemas of the stomach and the intestines wash away their phlegm and bile.
ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι φλέγμα γεννᾶται κατὰ τὴν κοιλίαν, ἐκκενοῦν αὐτὸ διὰ τῶν ἐμέτων συμβου-λεύει. τοῦ θέρους δὲ τὴν ἐπιπολάζουσαν ἄνω χολὴν ἀντι-σπᾷν κάτω.
Since, then, in the winter phlegm is generated in the belly, he advises to evacuate it through vomits; but in the summer, to draw down the bile that floats upward.
καθαίρειν μέντοι τὸ σύμπαν σῶμα βουληθέν-τι σοι θέρους μὲν διὰ τῆς ἄνω, χειμῶνος δὲ διὰ τῆς κά-τω κοιλίας φαρμακευτέον, ὡς ἐν ἀφορισμοῖς εἴρηται.
If, however, you wish to purge the entire body, you must administer medicine in summer through the upper cavity, and in winter through the lower cavity, as has been said in the Aphorisms.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἤδη πλεονάζοντα ἡ κάθαρσις ἰᾶται διὰ τῶν χω-ρίων ᾗ ῥέπει τὴν κάθαρσιν ποιούμενος.
For purging cures those things that are already in excess, by performing the purging through the places to which they incline.
ἀκτέα γὰρ ᾗ ῥέπει διὰ τῶν συμφερόντων χωρίων.
For they must be led to where they incline, through the appropriate regions.
ὅσα δὲ κωλῦσαι θέλεις αὐξη-θῆναι, διὰ τῶν ἀντικειμένων χωρίων ἀντισπᾷν προσήκει.
But whatever things you wish to prevent from increasing, it is fitting to draw them away through the opposite regions.
"Ἔστω δὲ τὰ κατακλύσματα τοῖσιν μὲν παχυτέροισι καὶ ὑγροτέροισιν ἁλμυρώτερα καὶ λεπτότερα, τοῖσι δὲ ξηρο-τέροισι καὶ προσεσταλμένοισι καὶ ἀσθενεστέροισι λιπαρώτερα καὶ παχύτερα.
"And let the enemas be, for those who are thicker and moister, saltier and thinner, but for those who are drier, more constricted, and weaker, fatter and thicker.
ἔστι δὲ τῶν κατακλυσμάτων λιπαρὰ καὶ πα-χέα τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν γαλάκτων καὶ ἀπὸ ἐρεβίνθων ὕδωρ ἑφθὲν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιουτέων, τὰ δὲ λεπτὰ καὶ ἁλμυρὰ ἅλ-μη καὶ θάλασσα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα. "[q. 2]
Τὰ τμητικώτερα μὲν ἐπὶ τῶν παχυτέρων ἀξιοῖ προσφέ-ρειν, φλεγματικώτεροι γὰρ οὗτοι· τὰ λειότερα δ᾿ ἐπὶ τῶν ἰσχνῶν, ὡς ἂν χολωδεστέρων ὄντων.
And of the enemas, the fat and thick ones are those from milks and water boiled with chickpeas and other such things, while the thin and salty ones are brine, sea-water, and the like." [q.2] He thinks it right to apply the more cutting to the thicker, for these are more phlegmatic; and the smoother to the lean, as being more bilious.
ὁποῖαι δέ εἰσιν ἑκατέ-ρων αἱ ὗλαι, διὰ τῆς ἐχομένης ῥήσεως ἐδήλωσεν, ἐξηγή-σεως οὐ δεομένης· διὸ καὶ παραλιπὼν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τὰ συνεχῆ τρέψομαι.
Of what kind the materials of each are, he has shown through the following passage, which needs no explanation; therefore, omitting it, I shall turn to what follows.
"Τοὺς δὲ ἐμέτους ᾧδε χρὴ ποιέεσθαι. ὅσοι μὲν τῶν ἀνθρώ-πων παχέες εἰσὶ καὶ μὴ ἰσχνοὶ, νήστιες ἐμούντων, δρα-μόντες ἢ ὁδοιπορήσαντες διὰ τάχεος κατὰ μέσον τῆς ἡμέρης. "[q. 3]
Ἐκτεθερμάνθαι βούλεται τὸ σῶμα τοῖς παχέσιν, ἐμεῖν μέλλουσιν ἕνεκα τῆς χύσεως τῶν φλεγματικῶν χυμῶν, οὓς πλείους ἔχουσιν οἱ παχεῖς.
"And vomits should be performed as follows: those of men who are fat and not lean, let them vomit while fasting, after running or walking quickly around midday." [q.3] He wishes the body to be thoroughly warmed for the fat when they are about to vomit, for the sake of the dissolution of the phlegmatic humors, which the fat possess in greater quantity.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ τῶν ἀγγείων ἀνα-στόμωσις ἁπάντων τε τῶν κατὰ λεπτὸν πόρων ἀραίωσις οὕτως ἂν μάλιστα γένοιτο.
But also the opening of the vessels and the dilation of all the fine pores would especially occur in this way.
χρήσιμα δὲ ταῦτα πάντα πρὸς τὸ ῥᾳδίως τε καὶ ἀλύπως γίνεσθαι τὸν ἔμετον.
And all these things are useful for the vomit to take place easily and without distress.
"Ἔστω δὲ ἡμικοτύλιον ὑσσώπου τετριμμένου ἐν ὕδα-τος χοέϊ καὶ τοῦτο ἐκπιέτω, ὄξος παραχέων καὶ ἅλας παραβάλλων, ὅκως ἂν μέλλῃ ἥδιστον ἔσεσθαι. "[q. 4]
Ὅτι τμητικὸν εἶναι βούλεται τὸ πόμα καὶ δι᾿ ἥντινα αἰτίαν οὐκ ἄδηλον.
"And let there be a half-kotyle of ground hyssop in a chous of water, and let him squeeze this out, pouring in vinegar and adding salt, so that it may be as palatable as possible." [q.4] That he wishes the drink to be cutting, and for what reason, is not unclear.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ οἱ παχεῖς ἄνθρωποι καὶ τοὺς χυμοὺς ἔχουσι τοὐπίπαν παχεῖς τε καὶ ψυχροὺς καί τινας αὐτῶν καὶ γλίσχρους, διὰ τοῦτο τμητικὸν εἶναι κελεύει τὸ ποτὸν αὐτῶν.
For since fat men have their humors generally thick and cold, and some of them even sticky, for this reason he commands their drink to be cutting.
ὁπόσον δέ τε τὸ πλῆθος δίδωσιν οὗ συντί-θησι πόματα, οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ἔχω φάναι, διὰ τὸ μέτρον ἔστιν ὅτε, ὃ καλοῦσι χοέα, μὴ τὸ αὐτὸ μέγεθος ἔχειν παρὰ πᾶ-σιν.
But how great a quantity he gives of the drink he compounds, I cannot say accurately, because sometimes the measure which they call chous does not have the same size among all.
εἰ δὲ τὸν Ἀττικὸν κελεύει πίνειν, οὐ πάνυ συντίθεμαι τῷ ἔθει, πολὺ γὰρ εἶναί μοι δοκεῖ.
But if he commands to drink the Attic chous, I do not quite agree with the practice, for it seems to me to be a lot.
σύνηθες μέντοι τοῖς παλαιοῖς ἦν, εἴτε ὀῤῥῷ γάλακτος εἴτε τοιούτῳ τινὶ κατα-κλύσματι προείλοντο χρῆσθαι, πάμπολυ τῷ πλήθει διδόναι.
Yet it was customary for the ancients, whether they chose to use whey of milk or some such enema, to give a very great quantity.
"Πινέτω δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἡσυχέστερον, ἔπειτα δὲ ἐπὶ θᾶσσον. "[q. 5]
Ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ἐν ἀρχῇ πίῃ λάβρως, εὐθέως ἐμεῖται, πρὶν ἐκπίῃ τὸ πᾶν, ἀποῤῥύψαι τε τοὺς ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ χυ-μοὺς, οἷς συνεκκενοῦνται καὶ οἱ κατὰ τὰς πρώτας φλέβας.
"And let him drink at first more quietly, and then more quickly." [q.5] If, therefore, he drinks greedily at the beginning, he will vomit immediately, before he drinks the whole, and before washing away the humors in the stomach, with which those in the primary veins are also evacuated together.
ἐὰν δὲ ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν ἡσυχέστερον, ὕστερον δὲ πλεῖον πάντως πίῃ, οὕτω δυνήσεται χρόνῳ τε συμμέτρῳ κατασχεῖν, ὁρμή-σει τε πρὸς ἔμετον ἐν καιρῷ διὰ τὸ πίνειν ἀθροώτερον ὕστερον.
But if he drinks at first more quietly, and later drinks more in any case, in this way he will be able to retain it for a proportionate time, and will be impelled to vomit at the right moment because of drinking more copiously later.
"Οἱ δὲ λεπτότεροι καὶ ἀσθενέστεροι ἀπὸ σιτίων ποιεέσθωσαν τὸν ἔμετον τρόπῳ τοιῷδε. λουσάμενοι θερμῷ προ-πιέτωσαν ἀκρήτου κοτύλην, ἔπειτα σιτία παντοδαπὰ ἐσθι-έτωσαν καὶ μὴ πινέτωσαν ἐπὶ τῷ σιτίῳ, μηδὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ σιτίου, ἀλλὰ ἐπισχέτωσαν ὅσον τέσσαρα στάδια διελθεῖν.
"But let the leaner and weaker perform the vomit after food in the following way: having bathed in warm water, let them first drink a kotyle of unmixed wine, then let them eat all kinds of food, and let them not drink during the food, nor after the food, but let them wait as long as it takes to walk four stades.
ἔπειτα δὲ συμμίξας οἴνους τρεῖς πίνειν διδόναι αὐστηρὸν καὶ γλυκὺν καὶ ὀξύν.
Then, having mixed three wines—dry, sweet, and sour—give them to drink.
πρῶτον μὲν ἀκρητέστερον καὶ κατ᾿ ὀλίγον καὶ διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου. ἔπειτα δὲ ὑδαρέστερόν τε καὶ θᾶσσον καὶ κατὰ πολλόν. "[q. 6]
Λουσάμενον θερμῷ προπίνειν ἀξιοῖ πόματος ἀκρατεστέ-ρῳ, λογισμῷ τοιῷδε χρώμενος, ὡς ἂν εἰκάσειέ τις.
First more unmixed, in small amounts, and at long intervals; then more diluted, more quickly, and in large amounts." [q.6] He thinks it right for one who has bathed in warm water to drink beforehand a more unmixed drink, employing some such reasoning, as one might guess.
ἐκ τοῦ θερμοῦ λουτροῦ θερμαίνεται πᾶν τὸ σῶμα καὶ οἱ χυ-μοὶ χέονται καὶ χαλαρὰ γίνονται τὰ ἀγγεῖα, τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ ταῦτα καὶ ὁ ἀκρατέστερος οἶνος ἐργάζεται, μετὰ τοῦ καὶ
From the warm bath, the entire body is warmed, the humors melt, and the vessels become relaxed; and the more unmixed wine also produces these very same things, together with...