§1#5Τὸ κατὰ τὴν τελευτὴν τῆς ῥήσεως εἰρημένον, τὸ οὕτω γὰρ ἀπὸ ἐλαχίστων ἐνεμπίπλανται, τινὲς μὲν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν προειρημένων εἰρῆσθαί φασι, τινὲς δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ὄψων μόνον, ἃ διὰ σησάμων τε καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων σκευάζεσθαι κε-λεύει, καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν πολλῶν.
The statement made at the end of the passage, namely, "for in this way they would be filled from the very least food," some say is spoken of all the aforementioned things, but others say of the side-dishes alone, which he commands to prepare with sesame and similar things, and many other such things.
τὰ προειρημένα δ᾿ ἐστὶ τό τε νῆστιν γυμνάζεσθαι, κενοῖ γὰρ φανερῶς τοῦτο, καθά-περ πληροῖ τὸ μετὰ τροφήν. ἔτι τε πρὸς τούτοις τὸ ἀσθ-μαίνοντας ἀπὸ τῶν γυμνασίων ἐσθίειν, οὐδέπω τῆς ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς θερμασίας διαπεφορημένης, οὐδὲ ἀνεψυγμένου τοῦ σώ-ματος.
And the aforementioned things are both exercising while fasting (for this clearly empties, just as that after food fills) and, in addition to these, eating while still panting from exercises, when the heat from them has not yet been dissipated in them, nor has the body cooled down.
ὅπερ ὅτι μὲν αἴτιον γίγνεται τοῦ ταχέως ἐμπιπλά-σθαι σαφῶς φαίνεται· εἰ δὲ κατ᾿ ἄλλον τινὰ λόγον ὁ τοῦ βιβλίου συγγραφεὺς βούλεται λεπτύνειν αὐτὸ, τοῦθ᾿ ἡμῖν ἄδηλόν ἐστιν.
That this indeed becomes a cause of being quickly filled clearly appears; but if the author of the book wishes to thin them by some other reasoning, this is unclear to us.
ὅτι μέντοι πολλοῖς τοῦτο τῶν ἐν τοῖς σπλάγ-χνοις ἐμφράξεων αἴτιον ἐγένετο, καὶ μάλιστα τῶν κατὰ τὸ ἧπαρ, ἀκριβῶς οἶδα, καθάπερ γε καὶ τὰ μετὰ τροφὴν ὀξέα γυμνάσια.
However, that this has become a cause of many obstructions in the internal organs, and especially of those in the liver, I know accurately, just as indeed do sharp exercises after food.
καὶ μέντοι καὶ τὰ λουτρὰ τοῖς στενὰς ἔχουσι, κατὰ τὸ ἧπαρ διεξόδους τῆς τροφῆς, ἐμφράξεις ἐργάζεται.
And indeed, baths also produce obstructions for those who have narrow passages for food in the liver.
λέλεκται δέ μοι περὶ τούτων ἅμα τοῖς οἰκείοις διορισμοῖς ἐν τῇ τῶν ὑγιεινῶν πραγματείᾳ.
These things have been discussed by me along with their proper distinctions in the treatise On Hygiene.
λοιπὸν δ᾿ ἃν εἴη περὶ αὐτῆς τῆς λέξεως διασκέψασθαι, καθ᾿ ἥν φησι καὶ προπεπωκότας οἶνον μὴ πάνυ ψυχρόν. ὡς γὰρ ψυχρὸν μὲν εἶναι κελεύων αὐτὸν, οὐ πάνυ δὲ ψυχρὸν, οὕτως ἐποιήσατο τὸν λόγον· οὐ πάνυ δὲ ὅλως ἀξιοῖ μετὰ τὰ γυμνάσια πίνειν οἶνον εὐθέως, ἀλλ᾿ ὕδωρ πρότερον, ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ ἀθληταὶ ποιοῦσι ταυτὶ τῇ πείρᾳ δεδιδαγμένοι.
And it would remain to consider the phrase itself, according to which he says, "and having previously drunk wine that is not very cold." For as though commanding it to be cold, but not very cold, he constructed his argument in this way; but on the whole, he does not think it right to drink wine immediately after exercises, but rather water first, just as athletes do, having been taught these things by experience.
κεφαλῆς τε γάρ ἅπτεται οἶνος καὶ εἰ μετὰ τὸ βαλανεῖον εὐθέως πίνοιτο, πρότερος τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἐδεσμάτων τε καὶ πομάτων.
For wine affects the head if it is drunk immediately after the bath, prior to all other foods and drinks.
οὐ μὴν οὐδ᾿ ἡ τοῦ ψυχροῦ πόσις ἐπὶ τοῖς γυμνασίαις ἄνευ τοῦ προπιεῖν θερμὸν ἀβλαβὲς ἐστι.
Yet neither is the drinking of cold water after exercises harmless without having previously drunk something warm.
βλάπτει γὰρ καὶ αὐτὴ σαφῶς τὴν γαστέρα τε καὶ τὸ ἧπαρ, τινῶν δὲ καὶ τὰ νεῦρα.
For it also clearly harms both the stomach and the liver, and in some people, even the nerves.
καὶ μέντοι καὶ τὰς ἕξεις ὁ ψυχρὸς οἶνος ἐπιτονοῖ.
And indeed, cold wine tightens the constitutions.
βούλεται δὲ ὁ ταῦτα γράψας ἐκλύειν αὐτάς.
But the one who wrote these things wishes to loosen them.
μή τι οὖν ἑτέρως μὲν ἦν γεγραμμέ-νον, ἥμαρτε δὲ ὁ μεταγραψάμενος αὐτό.
Could it be then that it was written otherwise, but the copyist made an error?
πολλὰ γὰρ ὁρᾶται τοιαῦτα καὶ νῦν γινόμενα καὶ δέον ἀντὶ τοῦ μήθ᾿ ὅλως θερ-μὸν αὐτὸν γράψαι, μὴ λίαν ψυχρόν. ὁ γὰρ ἀσθμαίνου-σιν ἔτι διδόναι τὴν τροφὴν ἀξιῶν, ἀτμῶν πολλῶν ὄντος με-στοῦ τοῦ σώματος, βουλήσεται δὲ καί δι᾿ οἴνου πόσεως θερ-μοῦ πληρῶσαι μᾶλλον αὐτούς.
For many such things are seen happening even now, and although one ought to have written "not too cold" instead of writing "not at all warm." For he who thinks it right to give food to those still panting, when the body is full of many vapors, will also wish to fill them more through the drinking of warm wine.
πεφυκότος δὲ τοῦ πάνυ θερμοῦ παραπλησίως τῷ ψυχρῷ συνάγειν καὶ τονοῦν τὴν γαστέρα, φυλάττεται πρᾶξαι τοῦτο.
But since the very hot has a natural tendency, similarly to the cold, to contract and tighten the stomach, he avoids doing this.
"Ἀλλὰ καὶ μονοσιτέειν καὶ ἀλουτέειν καὶ σκληροκοιτέειν καὶ γυμνὸν περιπατέειν, ὅσον οἶόν τε μάλιστα εἴη. "[q. 1]
Κάλλιον ἂν ἦν εἰρῆσθαι πρὸς αὐτῷ μὴ μονοσιτέειν, ἀλλ᾿ ὀλιγοσιτεῖν.
"But also to eat once a day, to abstain from bathing, to sleep on a hard bed, and to walk naked as much as possible." [q.1] It would have been better to have been said by him not to eat once a day, but to eat little.
ἔνιοι γὰρ τῶν μονοσιτούντων πολὺ πλείω προσφέρονται τῶν δὶς σιτουμένων.
For some of those who eat once a day consume much more than those who eat twice.
ὥσπερ δὲ τὸ λουτρὸν ἐκθερμαῖνον τὸ σῶμα καὶ μάλιστα τοὐκτὸς, εἰς ἀνάδοσίν τε τροφῆς καὶ πρόσθεσιν τῶν ἀναδοθέντων συντελεῖ, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἡ ἀλουσία τοῖς ἐναντίοις συναίρεται.
And just as the bath, by warming the body and especially the outside, contributes to the distribution of food and the addition of what has been distributed, so by the same reasoning the lack of bathing cooperates in the opposite things.
καὶ ἡ σκληροκοιτία δὲ λυπεῖ καὶ συνέχει καὶ σφίγγει τὸ σῶμα καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὴν εἰς πᾶν μέρος ἐπίδοσιν αὐτοῦ κω-λύει.
And sleeping on a hard bed also distresses, constricts, and tightens the body, and because of this prevents its growth in every part.
κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον καὶ τὸ γυμνὸν περιπατεῖν ψύχει μὲν ἅπαντα τὰ μετὰ τὸ δέρμα μόρια. συνελαύνει δὲ εἰς τὸ βάθος καὶ τὰ σπλάγχνα τὴν θερμασίαν, ὡς πέττε-σθαι μὲν καλῶς τὰ σιτία, τὴν δὲ πάντη φορὰν αὐτῶν κω-λύειν.
And by the same reasoning, walking naked cools all the parts inward from the skin, but drives the heat into the depth and the internal organs, so that while the food is well digested, its transport everywhere is prevented.
"Ὁκόσοι δὲ βούλονται λεπτοὶ ἐόντες παχύτεροι γενέσθαι, τά τε ἅλλα ποιέειν τἀναντία ἐκείνοισι οἶσιν ἔφην καὶ νῆστιν μηδεμίην ταλαιπωρίην ποιέεσθαι. "[q. 2]
Τἀναντία τῶν εἰρημένων τοῖς παχέσιν ἐστὶ τὸ μήτε ἀσθμαίνοντας ἐπιχειρεῖν τοῖς σιτίοις, ἀλλ᾿ ὅταν ἤδη κατὰ φύσιν ἀναπνέωσι, μήτε μονοσιτεῖν, ἀλλ᾿ ἤτοι δὶς ἐσθίειν ἢ καὶ τρίς.
"And as many as are lean and wish to become fatter, should do all other things opposite to those I have said, and perform no labor while fasting." [q.2] The opposite of what was said to the fat is neither to set to their food while panting, but when they already breathe naturally, nor to eat once a day, but either twice or even thrice.
οὕτω δὲ καὶ ταῖς ἀλουσίαις τἀναντία ποιῶν λού-σεται δὶς, ἐξ ἅπαντος μὲν ἐπὶ τροφῇ χρόνου τὸ δεύτερον λουτρὸν περιλαμβάνων, ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε δὲ καὶ τὸ πρῶτον.
And so, doing the opposite of the lack of bathing, he will bathe twice, taking the second bath in any case after food, and sometimes even the first.
οὕτω δὲ καὶ τὰ γυμνάσια βραχέα τε γυμνάσεται καὶ βραδέα καὶ μετὰ τροφήν.
And so he will also perform exercises that are both short and slow, and after food.
κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον καὶ τὸ μαλακῶς κοιμᾶσθαι καὶ μὴ γυμνὸν ὁμιλεῖν τῷ περιέχοντι, τούτοις ἐστὶ χρήσιμον.
And by the same reasoning, sleeping softly and not interacting naked with the surrounding air is useful for them.
διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ αἱ γυμνασταὶ τὰ μὲν μετὰ τοῦ προσάπτεσθαι καὶ σωματομαχεῖν, οὕτω γὰρ ὀνο-μάζουσιν αὐτοί τινα γινόμενα γυμνάσια, περιλαμβάνουσιν, ἐφ᾿ ὦν σαρκῶσαι θέλουσι, φυλαττόμενοι γυμνοὺς γυμνάζειν αὐτοὺς τὸ σῶμα καὶ μὴ μετὰ συμπλοκῆς.
For this reason, at any rate, the trainers also include those exercises involving touching and body-fighting—for so they themselves name certain exercises that take place—for those whom they wish to make fleshy, taking care to avoid exercising their body naked and without grappling.
ἔμπαλιν δὲ ὅσους λεπτῦναι βούλονται, μετὰ τοῦ ταχέος γυμνασίου καὶ χωρὶς τῆς πρώτης συμπλοκῆς γυμνάζουσιν.
Conversely, those whom they wish to make lean they exercise with quick movement and without the first grappling.
"Τοῖσι δὲ ἐμέτοισι χρὴ καὶ τοῖσι κατακλύσμασι τοῖσι τῆς κοιλίης, ᾧδε χρέεσθαι ἓξ μῆνας τοὺς χειμερινοὺς ἐμέειν· οὗτος γὰρ ὁ χρόνος φλεγματωδέστερος τοῦ θερινοῦ καὶ τὰ νουσήματα γίνεται περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ περὶ τὸ χω-ρίον τοῦτο τὸ ὑπὲρ τῶν φρενῶν.
"And as for vomits and enemas of the belly, one should use them as follows: during the six winter months, vomit; for this time is more phlegmatic than the summer, and diseases occur around the head and around this region above the diaphragm.
ὅταν δὲ ᾖ τὸ θάλπος, τοῖσι κατακλύσμασι χρέεσθαι. "[q. 3]
But when there is heat, use enemas." [q.3]