§5#3ταῦτα πάντα ἄνθρωποι καλῶς φασι λέγεσθαι πλὴν τῶν δοξοσόφων τε καὶ προπετῶν, οἷς ἡ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὁδὸς οὐ μακρά τίς ἐστιν, οὐδ’ αὖ τοιαύτη, ὁποίαν Ἡσίοδος ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν εἶναί φησιν, ἀλλὰ σύντομος καὶ βραχεῖα, μᾶλλον δ’ οὐδ’ ὅλως ἐστίν.
All these things men say are well spoken, except for the conceited and rash, to whom the road to truth is not a long one, nor again of such a kind as Hesiod says it is to virtue, but short and brief, or rather does not exist at all.
εἰ γὰρ αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα διδάσκει τὴν ἑαυτῶν φύσιν ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους, οὐ χρὴ κατατρίβεσθαι γυμναζομένους ἐν ταῖς λογικαῖς μεθόδοις.
For if the objects themselves teach their own nature to all men, there is no need to wear oneself out being exercised in logical methods.
ἆρ’ οὖν, ὦ δοξοσοφώτατοι, κᾂν τοῦτό γε συγχωρήσετε εἶναι πρόδηλον ἡμῖν τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὁπόσοι μή πω τὴν ὑμετέραν σοφίαν ἐσμὲν σοφοὶ, τὸ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐγνωκέναι δεῖν ἁπάντων πραγμάτων τὴν ἀλήθειαν, εἴπερ ἡ φύσις αὐτῶν ἱκανὴ διδάσκειν ἐστὶν ἑαυτήν;
Would you then, O most conceited ones, grant at least this to be obvious to us others, as many as are not yet wise in your wisdom, that all men must have known the truth of all things, if indeed their nature is sufficient to teach itself?
ἀναδύονται πάλιν, ὅταν οὕτως ἐρωτηθῶσιν, καί φασιν, οὐ πάντας ὑπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων διδάσκεσθαι.
They back out again when they are questioned in this way, and say that not all are taught by the objects.
τίνες οὖν εἰσιν οἱ διδασκόμενοι, πάλιν ἐρωτώντων ἡμῶν, ἑαυτοὺς μόνους φασίν· τί γὰρ ἔχουσιν εἰπεῖν ἄλλο, φυλάττειν γε τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀλαζονείαν προῃρημένοι;
"Who then are those who are taught?" when we ask again, they say "ourselves alone"; for what else do they have to say, having chosen to preserve their initial boastfulness?
ἀλλ’ οὐχ ἡμεῖς γε πιστεύομεν αὐτοῖς ἀποφαινομένοις ὃ βούλονται.
But we do not believe them when they declare whatever they wish.
διὰ τί γὰρ, ὦ πρὸς θεῶν, μόνοις αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα τὴν αὑτῶν φύσιν ἐπιδείκνυνται;
For why, in the name of the gods, do the objects themselves display their own nature to them alone?
πότερον, ὅτι μόνοι μηδὲν τῶν πρώτων μαθημάτων μεμαθήκασιν;
Is it because they alone have learned none of the primary lessons?
ἀλλὰ ψεῦδος τοῦτο, καὶ γὰρ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ τούτων οὐδὲν ἔμαθον.
But this is false, for indeed many others have learned none of these.
ἀλλ’ εἰ τὴν λογικὴν ψυχῆς δύναμιν ἤσκησαν ἐν μαθήμασιν, ἔργον μαρτυρεῖ δυναμένους αὐτήν· καὶ μὴν οὐδέπω ἥψαντο τοιαύτης θεωρίας.
But if they had exercised the rational power of the soul in lessons, their work would testify that they are capable of it; and indeed they have never yet touched such a theory.
ἴσως δὲ φήσουσι μόνοι τε γενέσθαι συνετοὶ καὶ βλέπειν ἐπιληπτικῶς τὰ πράγματα, καθάπερ Λυγκεὺς τὰ κατὰ γῆς.
But perhaps they will say that they alone were born intelligent and see things graspingly, just as Lynceus saw things under the earth.
τί ποτ’ οὖν, εἰ οὕτως αὐτῶν ὀξυδερκής ἐστιν ἡ ψυχὴ, καταγελαστότατοι πάντες εἰσὶν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις προβλήμασιν, ὧν ἡ εὕρεσις αὐτὴ μαρτυρεῖ τοῖς εὑρίσκουσιν ἀληθῶς αὐτά;
Why on earth then, if their soul is so sharp-sighted, are they all most ridiculous in such problems, the discovery of which itself testifies to those who truly find them?
τού των γὰρ ἓν οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτ’ αὐτῶν εὑρεῖν ἠδυνήθη, ὅπου γε καὶ τῶν εὑρηκότων λεγόντων καὶ διδασκόντων, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι μανθάνουσιν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ μόνοι δι’ ἀγυμναστίαν καὶ βραδύτητα ψυχῆς μὴ μανθάνουσιν· εἶτα παρακαλοῦσιν ἐμὲ, καί τις ἐξ αὐτῶν κατὰ τύχην παρακολουθήσειεν, ἀλλ’ εἰπεῖν γε τὸ εἰρημένον οὐ δύναται.
For no one of them was ever able to find one of these, whereas even when those who have found them speak and teach, the others learn, but they alone, because of lack of training and slowness of soul, do not learn; and then they follow me, and one of them might by chance follow along, but he is not able to state what has been said.
τίς οὖν μείζων τυφλότης εἰς τὴν τῶν ἰδίων ἁμαρτημάτων γνῶσίν ἐστι τῆς τοιαύτης τῶν τοιούτων;
What greater blindness, therefore, is there regarding the knowledge of one's own errors than such blindness of such people?
ὅταν ἄνθρωποι τῶν ἐπιτυγχανόντων ἑαυτοὺς ὁρῶντες ἀφυεστέρους εἴς τε τὸ νοῆσαι καὶ μνημονεῦσαι καὶ τὰ δι’ ἀριθμητικήν τε καὶ γεωμετρίαν ἀρχιτεκτονίαν τε καὶ ἀστρονομίαν εὑρισκόμενα τὰ τῆς φιλοσοφίας εὑρηκέναι νομίζωσιν οὕτω ῥᾳδίως, ὡς ἀποφαίνεσθαι τολμᾷν αὐτὰ δεικνύναι τὰ πράγματα χωρὶς ἀποδείξεως καὶ μεθόδου λογικῆς.
When men, seeing themselves less gifted than ordinary people both in understanding and remembering, and in things discovered through arithmetic, geometry, architecture, and astronomy, think they have discovered the things of philosophy so easily, as to dare to declare that the objects themselves show them without proof and logical method.
ὅτι δὲ ἑκόντες ἑαυτοὺς κολακεύουσιν, οὐκ ἀλήθειαν ζητοῦσιν, ἔνεστι γνῶναι κᾀκ τοῦ κατά τινος ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἀνατείνεσθαι παρὰ τοῖς φοιτηταῖς, ἅπαντάς τε διαβάλλουσι τοὺς ἄλλους ὡς ἐσφαλμένους.
And that they willingly flatter themselves and do not seek truth, can be known also from the fact that each of them holds forth against someone before their pupils, and they slander all others as having erred.
ἐγὼ δὲ συνάγων αὐτοὺς εἰς ταὐτὸν, οὐχ ὑπομένουσιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν αἰδῶ τινι καταπροτείνονται, καὶ φάσκουσι μὴ δύνασθαι φθέγξασθαι, παρόντων ἀνθρώπων πλειόνων· καίτοι τινὲς αὐτῶν ἀκροατὰς ἔχουσιν, ὁ μὲν κ΄, ὁ δὲ λ΄ καί ποτε καὶ πλείονας, οὐκ αἰσχυνόμενοι λέγειν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς.
But when I bring them together to the same place, they do not endure it, but put forward some shame as a pretext, and claim they cannot speak when more people are present; although some of them have listeners, some twenty, some thirty, and sometimes even more, not being ashamed to speak before them.
ἀλλ’ ὅταν ἐγὼ μὲν τρεῖς ἢ τέτταρας ἀξιώσω παρεῖναι τῷ συλλόγῳ, Πλατωνικοὺς δ΄, τρεῖς ἢ τέτταρας Ἐπικουρείους, ἴσους τε τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἄλλους Στωϊκούς τε καὶ Περιπατητικοὺς, ἢ τρεῖς πρὸς τούτοις, ἤτοι γ’ Ἀκαδημαϊκοὺς, ἢ Σκεπτικοὺς, ὡς γίνεσθαι πάντας ἐκ φιλοσοφίας ἀνθρώπους εἴκοσιν, ἄλλους τε πρὸς αὐτοῖς τοσούτους τῶν γεγυμνασμένων μὲν ἐν μαθήμασι τὴν λογικὴν δύναμιν, ἀγνοοῦντας δὲ τοὺς κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν λόγους, οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ὑπομένει τηνικαῦτα τὸ τοιοῦτον συνέδριον.
But when I require three or four to be present at the assembly, four Platonists, three or four Epicureans, and an equal number of other Stoics and Peripatetics, or three in addition to these, either Academics or Sceptics, so that all the men from philosophy become twenty, and as many others in addition to them from those who have trained their rational power in lessons but are ignorant of philosophical arguments, none of them then endures such a meeting.
εἰ δέ γέ ποτ’ ἀναγκασθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλευθέρων μὲν αἱρέσεως, γεγυμνασμένων δὲ ἐν λόγοις, ὑπομείνειαν ἀπαντῆσαι τοιούτοις συνεδρίοις, φιλονεικούντων μὲν αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τούτοις, ἑλιττόντων δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς λόγους, πολλάκις μὲν ἧκεν ἐν τούτοις καὶ γεωμετρικὸς, ἧκον δὲ καὶ τῶν ἰατρῶν ἔνιοι, καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τῶν φιλολόγων ἀνδρῶν καὶ πεπαιδευμένων ἐν τοῖς μαθήμασιν, αὐτὸ δὲ ἔχειν ἐργαζομένων δι’ εὐπορίαν κτημάτων, οὔτε δουλευόντων αἱρέσει τινὶ τῶν κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν, ὥσπερ εἴωθα, καὶ τότε κεκρικέναι τοὺς λόγους ἠξίωσα, καί τις ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔφη κάλλιστα κριθῆναι τὴν ἀμφισβήτησιν, εἰ πορευθέντες εἰς ὃ λέγουσιν οὗτοι περιέχειν τὸν κόσμον κενόν· εἴθ’ ὁ μὲν ἐν αὐτῷ σαφῶς, εἴτ’ ἐν μιᾷ χώρᾳ πέφυκε μὲν εἶναί τε καὶ φέρεσθαι πρὸς ἄλλον τινὰ τόπον, ὅπερ ἂν ἐν αὐτῷ τεθῇ σῶμα.
But if ever, being forced by those who are free of sect but trained in arguments, they should endure to meet in such assemblies, while they contend over these things and spin the same arguments, often a geometer also came among them, and some of the physicians also came, and some others of the learned men who are educated in lessons, but work for themselves because of their wealth of possessions, and do not serve any sect of those in philosophy, as I am accustomed, and then I required them to judge the arguments, and one of them said that the dispute would be most beautifully judged, if they went to what these people say surrounds the world, the void; and then whether a body, whatever is placed in it, is clearly of a nature to be in it and remain in one place, or to be carried to some other place.
τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους πάντας ἤρεσε τὰ λεχθέντα, μόνοι δ’ οὐκ ἐπαύοντο φιλονεικοῦντες ἀλλήλοις καὶ ἡμῖν οἱ φιλόσοφοι, μὴ δυνάμενοι διακρῖναι τοὺς ἐνδεχομένους λόγους ἀπὸ τῶν ἀναγκαίων.
All the others were pleased with what was said, but only the philosophers did not stop contending with one another and with us, being unable to distinguish possible arguments from necessary ones.
ἐνδέχεται γὰρ καὶ μένειν ἐν τῷ κενῷ καθ’ ἕνα τόπον ἕκαστον τῶν σωμάτων, ἐνδέχεται δὲ καὶ μὴ μένειν, ἀναγκαίαν ἀπόδειξιν οὐδ’ ἑτέρας τινὸς αἱρέσεων ἐχούσης.
For it is possible for each of the bodies both to remain in one place in the void, and it is possible also not to remain, since not even one of the sects has a necessary proof.