§5Βραχὺ δὲ αὐτῶν οὖσα σκληροτέρα τῶν ἀπ’ ἐγκεφάλου νεύρων ἡ τετάρτη συζυγία μετὰ τὴν ἔκφυσιν εὐθέως ἀναμίγνυται τῇ τρίτῃ, καὶ συνδιεξέρχεται πρώτην μὲν τὴν παχεῖαν μήνιγγα, μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ ἤδη καὶ τὸ κατὰ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὀστοῦν εἶτ’ αὖθις ἀποχωρίζεται πρὸς τὴν ὑπερῴαν τοῦ στόματος.
The fourth pairing, being slightly harder than them among the nerves from the brain, immediately after its origin mixes with the third, and goes through together with it, first the dura mater, and after this then also the bone near the head, and then again separates towards the palate of the mouth.
ἥ γε μὴν τρίτη συζυγία, καθάπερ ἐκ πολλῶν φαίνεται τῶν πρώτων συγκειμένη ῥιζῶν, οὕτω καὶ κατασχίζεται πολυειδῶς.
The third pairing, indeed, just as it appears to be composed of many primary roots, so also is split in manifold ways.
οὐδὲν γὰρ διαφέρει λύεσθαι λέγειν ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων τὸ προειρημένον ἄθροισμα τῶν νεύρων, ἢ κατασχίζεσθαι τὸ σύμπαν, ἀποσχιζομένων τῶν μερῶν.
For it makes no difference to say that the aforementioned bundle of nerves is separated from one another, or that the whole is split, its parts branching off.
οὕτω δὲ εἰ καὶ διακρίνεσθαί τις ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων αὐτὰ λέγει, ἢ τοῦ παντὸς ἀθροίσματος φύεσθαι τῶν μερῶν ἕκαστον, οὐ διοίσει.
And so, if someone says they are distinguished from one another, or that each of the parts grows out from the whole bundle, it will make no difference.
πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἀποχωρεῖ μόριον εἰς τὸ κάτω τῆς κεφαλῆς φερόμενον, ἀγνοηθὲν τοῖς ἀνατομικοῖς.
First, then, each part of them goes off, being carried to the lower part of the head, having been unnoticed by the anatomists.
κοινὸν δ’ ἐστὶ τὸ τρῆμα τοῦ κρανίου, δι’ οὗ τοῦτο φέρεται κάτω, καὶ τῆς καρωτίδος ἀρτηρίας τὸ λείψανον ἀναφέρεταί τε πρὸς τὸν ἐγκέφαλον, ἓν καθ’ ἑκάτερον μέρος.
And the foramen of the skull is common, through which this is carried down and the remnant of the carotid artery is carried up to the brain, one on each side.
εἰ δὲ καὶ μὴ λέγοιτό ποτε τοῦτο, προσυπακούειν αὐτὸ χρὴ διὰ παντὸς ἅπαξ ἀκηκοότας ἄρτι· μηδὲν μήτε τῶν ἐξ ἐγκεφάλου, μήτε τῶν ἐκ νωτιαίου νεύρων ἀζυγὲς ὑπάρχειν, ἀλλ’ ἀεὶ τὸ μὲν ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς, τὸ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς μέρεσιν, ἀκριβῶς. ἀλλήλοις ἴσα τὸ μέγεθος.
And even if this is not sometimes said, one must always understand it implicitly, having heard it just once now: that none of the nerves from the brain, nor of those from the spinal cord, exists unpaired, but always there is one on the right, and another on the left, exactly equal in size to each other.
ὅπως μὲν οὖν ταῦτα τὰ νεῦρα φέρεται διά τε τοῦ τραχήλου καὶ τοῦ θώρακος εἰς τὰ κάτω τῶν φρενῶν χωρία, καὶ τίς αὐτῶν ἡ νομὴ, προϊὼν ὁ λόγος ἐξηγήσεται·
How, then, these nerves are carried through the neck and the thorax into the regions below the diaphragm, and what their distribution is, the proceeding discourse will explain.
νῦν δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ λοιπὰ μόρια τῆς τρίτης συζυγίας ἀνέλθωμεν.
But now let us return to the remaining parts of the third pairing.
ἐκπίπτουσα γὰρ τοῦ κρανίου ψαύει μὲν τῆς δευτέρας, οὐ μὴν ἀναμίγνυται ταύτῃ, καθάπερ ἄλλαι τινὲς μίγνυνται, σχίζεται δὲ πολυειδῶς, ὡς ἔφην.
For as it emerges from the skull, it touches the second pairing, yet it does not mix with it, as some others mix, but is split in manifold ways, as I said.
αὐτίκα γοῦν ἐκπίπτει τι μόριον αὐτῆς παρὰ τὴν διάρθρωσιν τῆς γένυος εἰς τὰ πρόσω τῶν ὤτων, ὅσοις ἀπὸ τῆς πέμπτης συζυγίας ἥκουσιν ὅπως ἀναμίγνυται, μικρὸν ὕστερον ἀκούσεις.
Immediately, at any rate, a certain part of it emerges near the joint of the jaw to the front of the ears; and how it mixes with those coming from the fifth pairing, you will hear a little later.
τοῦτο μὲν οὖν μικρόν τι μόριόν ἐστιν αὐτῆς.
This, then, is a certain small part of it.
τὸ δὲ οἷον πρέμνον ἁπάντων τῶν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ πεφυκότων μερῶν ἐν λόγῳ κλάδων τε καὶ ἀκρεμόνων δίχα μὲν σχίζεται τὸ πρῶτον, ἑκάτερον δ’ αὖθις ἐκείνων εἰς πολλὰ μόρια, τὸ μὲν ἕτερον εἴς τε τοὺς κροταφίτας μῦς καὶ τοὺς μασσητῆρας ὀνομαζομένους, ὅσοι τε ἄλλοι τῆς ἄνω γένυος ἐκπεφύκασιν, διανεμόμενον· ἔστι δὲ καὶ τοῖς οὔλοις ὀνομαζομένοις καὶ τοῖς ὀδοῦσι καὶ τῷ δέρματι τῷ περὶ τὸ πρόσωπον ἐκ τούτων τῶν νεύρων· τὸ δὲ ἕτερον εἴς τε τὰς ῥίζας τῶν κατὰ τὴν κάτω γένυν ὀδόντων σχίζεται, καὶ κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀναλογίαν, ἥν ἐσχίσθη τὸ πρότερον εἰς τοὺς ἄνω, καὶ τοῖς οὔλοις δ’ ἀπονεμήσεις ὁμοίως πέμπει, καὶ τοῖς κάτω χείλεσιν, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνο τοῖς ἄνω.
But that which is like a trunk of all the parts growing from it, analogous to branches and twigs, is first split in two, and each of those again into many parts: one of them being distributed both to the temporal muscles and to those called masseters, and as many others as grow out from the upper jaw; and there is also a distribution to those called gums, and to the teeth, and to the skin around the face from these nerves; and the other is split into the roots of the teeth in the lower jaw, and in the same proportion as the former was split for the upper parts, it likewise sends distributions to the gums and to the lower lips, just as that one did to the upper.
τὸ πλεῖστον δ’ αὐτοῦ μέρος εἰς τὸν τῆς γλώττης διανέμεται χιτῶνα, καὶ καλοῦσί τινες τὸ ζεῦγος τοῦτο τῶν νεύρων γευστικὸν, ἐπειδὴ δι’ αὐτῶν ἡ τῆς γεύσεως αἴσθησις γίγνεται.
And the greatest part of it is distributed to the membrane of the tongue, and some call this pair of nerves "taste-producing," since through them the sensation of taste occurs.
τοιαύτη μέν τις καὶ ἡ τῆς γ΄ συζυγίας. τομή.
Such is the division of the third pairing.
λέλεκται δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς δ΄, ἣν ὀρθῶς ὁ Μαρῖνος εὗρεν ἀποχωριζομένην τῆς τρίτης, ἐπί τε τὴν ὑπερῴαν ἀφικνουμένην, ἣν ἐν ταῖς ἀνατομικαῖς ἐγχειρήσεσιν λέγομεν.
And it has also been spoken concerning the fourth pairing, which Marinus correctly discovered to be separated from the third and arriving at the palate, as we speak of in *Anatomical Procedures*.