§6Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη συζυγία νεύρων, ἥν Μαρῖνος ὀνομάζει πέμπτην, καίτοι γε οὐκ ἐκ μιᾶς ἀκριβῶς ῥίζης ἀνίσχουσαν, ἀλλ’ εἰσὶ μὲν πλησίον ἀλλήλων, ἕτερον δ’ ἐξ ἑτέρας ἐκφύεται νεῦρον·
There is also another pairing of nerves, which Marinus names the fifth, although it does not arise from strictly one root, but they are near each other, and one nerve grows out of one root, and the other from another.
ἐν μὲν τοῖς πρόσω μᾶλλον ὃ καλοῦσιν ἀκουστικὸν, εἰς τὸ τρῆμα τῆς ἀκοῆς ἐκπίπτον ἅμα τῇ συνεκφυομένῃ μήνιγγι τῇ σκληρᾷ, μεθ’ ἧς πλατυνθὲν ὑπαλείφει τὸν πόρον, ἐκ δὲ τῶν ὀπίσω θάτερον εἰς ἕτερόν τι τρῆμα τοῦ λιθοειδοῦς ἐκπίπτον ὀστοῦ τὸ καλούμενον τυφλόν· ὠνόμασαν γὰρ οὕτως οἱ παλαιοὶ τῶν ἀνατομικῶν αὐτὸ, μὴ δυνηθέντες ἀκριβῶς ἀνατρῆσαι τὴν ἕλικα, δι’ ἧς ἐκπίπτει τὸ νεῦρον πρὸς τὸ ἐκτὸς ὀπίσω τῶν ὤτων.
The one more to the front, which they call the auditory nerve, emerges into the foramen of hearing together with the co-arising dura mater, with which it broadens and lines the canal; while the other from the back emerges into another foramen of the petrous bone, the one called "blind." For the ancient anatomists named it thus because they were unable to accurately drill through the spiral passage through which the nerve emerges to the outside behind the ears.
ἐπιμίγνυται δ’ αὐτίκα καὶ τοῦτο τῷ κατὰ τὴν γ΄ συζυγίαν εἰρημένῳ διεκπίπτειν ἔξω παρὰ τὴν διάρθρωσιν τῆς γένυος, οὐκ ἐκείνου πρὸς τοῦτο ἀφικνουμένου, περιμένοντος δὲ τοῦτο πρὸς ἑαυτὸ παραγιγνόμενον.
And this one also immediately mixes with the one mentioned in the third pairing as emerging outside near the joint of the jaw, not because that one arrives at this, but because that one waits for this as it comes to it.
ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων δὲ αὐτῶν μιχθέντων τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος, ἄμεινον δ’ εἰπεῖν, ὀλίγου δεῖν ἅπαν εἰς τὸν πλατὺν μῦν κατασχίζεται, τὸν ὑποπεφυκότα τῷ δέρματι, τὸν τὴν γνάθον κινοῦντα χωρὶς τῆς γένυος, ὃν ἡμεῖς εὕρομεν δῆλον, καὶ τοῦτον ἑκατέρωθεν ὄντα.
And from both of these having mixed, the greatest part, or rather, to speak better, almost all of it is split into the flat muscle that grows under the skin, which moves the cheek independently of the jawbone, which we discovered and made clear, this too being on both sides.
μεμνῆσθαι γὰρ χρὴ τοῦ πάντων ἀκούειν κατὰ συζυγίαν, εἰ καὶ παραλείποιτό ποτε κατὰ τὴν λέξιν.
For one must remember to understand all of them as pairings, even if it is sometimes left out in speech.
τοιαύτη μὲν οὖν καὶ ἡ τῆς πέμπτης συζυγίας νομή.
Such, then, is the distribution of the fifth pairing.
κείσθω γὰρ εἶναι μία διὰ Μαρῖνον, εἰ καὶ διττὴ φανερῶς ἐστιν.
For let it be assumed to be one because of Marinus, even if it is clearly double.
§7Ἡ δὲ ἕκτη συζυγία τῶν ἀπ’ ἐγκεφάλου νεύρων κέχρηται τρήματι τῷ κατὰ τὸ κάτω πέρας τῆς λαμβδοειδοῦς ῥαφῆς.
The sixth pairing of nerves from the brain uses the foramen near the lower limit of the lambdoid suture.
ἀρχὰς δ’ εὐθὺς ἐξ ἐγκεφάλου τριῶν ἔχει νεύρων, ἐκπεσόντα δ’ ἔξω τοῦ κρανίου ταῦτα πολυειδῶς ἀλλήλοις τε καὶ τοῖς παρακειμένοις, ἃ μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐρῶ, μίγνυται.
It has three origins of nerves immediately from the brain, and these, having emerged outside the skull, mix in manifold ways with each other and with the adjacent ones, which I shall speak of a little later.
§8Λοιπὴ δ’ ἐστὶν ἡ ἑβδόμη συζυγία τῶν ἀπ’ ἐγκεφάλου νεύρων, τῷ πλείστῳ μέρει σφῶν αὐτῶν εἰς τοὺς τῆς γλώττης μῦς διανεμομένη.
Remaining is the seventh pairing of nerves from the brain, being distributed for the most part of itself into the muscles of the tongue.
μικρὸν γάρ τι μόριον αὐτῶν ἀεὶ μὲν εἰς τοὺς κοινοὺς μῦς ἀφικνεῖται τοῦ τε θυροειδοῦς χόνδρου τοῦ λάρυγγος καὶ τῶν ταπεινῶν πλευρῶν τοῦ λαμβδοειδοῦς, οὐκ ἀεὶ δὲ καὶ εἰς ἄλλους τινάς.
For a certain small part of them always arrives at the common muscles of both the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and the lower sides of the hyoid bone, but not always at certain others.
§9Ἐπιμίγνυται δ’, ὡς ἔφην, ἀλλήλοις τὰ κάτω τῆς κεφαλῆς φερόμενα νεῦρα, τό τε ἀπὸ τῆς γ΄ συζυγίας καὶ τῶν νῦν εἰρημένων ἐσχάτων δυοῖν.
And as I said, the nerves carried to the lower part of the head, both the one from the third pairing and those from the last two just mentioned, mix with each other.
καὶ μέντοι καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ νωτιαίου νεύρων ἥ τε πρώτη καὶ ἡ δευτέρα συζυγία πολλὴν ἐπιμιξίαν ποιεῖται πρὸς ταῦτα τὰ νεῦρα.
Moreover, both the first and second pairings of the nerves from the spinal cord make much mixture with these nerves.
καὶ πολλάκις μέν σοι δόξει τὸ διῆκον ἐκ τοῦ ἑτέρου πρὸς τὸ ἕτερον οἷον δεσμός τις εἶναι μόνον ἀμφοῖν κοινός· ἐνίοτε δὲ τὸ μὲν ἕτερον τῶν νεύρων αὐξάνει, ὡς προστιθὲν ἀναμιγνύμενον, ἔλαττον δὲ ἐργάζεται θάτερον, ὡς ἂν ἀποχωρισθὲν αὐτοῦ.
And often indeed, it will seem to you that what extends from the one to the other is like a certain bond only common to both; but sometimes one of the nerves increases, as if mixed by addition, and makes the other smaller, as if having separated from it.
διὸ καὶ τεταραγμένοι τε πάντες εἰσὶν οἱ ἀνατομικοὶ περὶ τὴν τούτων τῶν νεύρων γνῶσιν, ἀλλήλοις τε διαπεφωνήκασιν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον, ἠγνοήκασι δὲ τὸ πλεῖστον ἐν ἑκάστῳ.
Therefore, all anatomists are confused about the knowledge of these nerves, and have disagreed with one another to the greatest degree, and have been ignorant of the most in each.
τινὰ μὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲ διὰ παντὸς οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ πάντων φερόμενα τῶν ζώων, ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ μόνων τῶν πιθήκων, ὡς μηδέποτε ἄλλως ἔχοντα γεγράφασιν· ἔνια δ’ οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῶν πιθήκων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ζώων, ὧν ἓξ ὑπάρχειν γένη δείκνυμι κατὰ τὰς ἀνατομικὰς ἐγχειρήσεις, ὡσαύτως ἔχειν διαπαντὸς, ἠγνόηται τελέως αὐτοῖς.
For some have written certain things, which do not run always, not only in all animals, but not even in monkeys alone, as if they never were otherwise; while some things, which are always the same not only in monkeys, but also in other animals (of which I show six genera exist in *Anatomical Procedures*), have been completely ignored by them.
αὐτίκα γέ τοι, ὅπως τοῖς ἰδίοις τοῦ λάρυγγος μυσὶ ἐκ τῆς ἕκτης συζυγίας ἀπονενέμηται νεῦρα κατὰ τρεῖς ἐκφύσεις ἑκατέρωθεν, ὡς εἶναι τὰς πάσας ἓξ.
For instance, how nerves are distributed from the sixth pairing to the proper muscles of the larynx in three branches on each side, so that there are six in all.
ἔγνωσαν δ’ ἔνιοι μὲν τὰς δύο μόνας αὐτῶν, ἔνιοι δ’ οὐδὲ ταύτας.
Some indeed knew only two of them, and some not even these.