§4.10καὶ τὸ μέτωπον δὲ οὕτως μηκύνοιεν ἂν τῆς τάξεως ἀταράκτως οἱ πεμπάδαρχοι παράγοντες, ὁπότε τούτου καιρὸς εἴη.
And the pempadarchs, by leading them alongside in this way, could extend the front of the squadron without confusion, whenever there should be occasion for this.
ὅταν γε μὴν προφυλάττειν δέῃ, ἐγὼ μὲν ἀεὶ ἐπαινῶ τὰς κρυπτὰς σκοπάς τε καὶ φυλακάς· οὕτω γὰρ ἅμα μὲν τῶν φίλων φυλακαὶ γίγνονται, ἅμα δὲ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐνέδραι κατασκευάζονται.
However, when it is necessary to post advanced guards, I for my part always approve of hidden outposts and guards; for in this way they serve at once as guards for friends, and at the same time ambushes are prepared for the enemy.
§4.11καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν δυσεπιβουλευτότεροί εἰσιν ἀφανεῖς ὄντες, τοῖς δὲ πολεμίοις φοβερώτεροι.
And they themselves are less liable to be plotted against, being unseen, and more fearsome to the enemy.
τὸ γὰρ εἰδέναι μὲν ὅτι εἰσί που φυλακαί, ὅπου δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ ὁπόσαι μὴ εἰδέναι, τοῦτο θαρσεῖν μὲν κωλύει τοὺς πολεμίους, ὑποπτεύειν δὲ ἀναγκάζει πάντα τὰ χωρία·
For to know indeed that there are guards somewhere, but not to know where they are and how many, this prevents the enemy from being confident, and forces them to suspect all places.
αἱ δὲ φανεραὶ φυλακαὶ δῆλα παρέχουσι καὶ τὰ δεινὰ καὶ τὰ εὐθαρσῆ.
But visible guards make clear both the dangers and the things that give confidence.
§4.12ἔτι δὲ τῷ κρυπτὰς ἔχοντι φυλακὰς ἐξέσται μὲν φανεροῖς ὀλίγοις ἔμπροσθεν τῶν κρυπτῶν φυλάττοντα πειρᾶσθαι τοὺς πολεμίους εἰς ἐνέδρας ὑπάγειν· ἀγρευτικὸν δὲ καὶ ὄπισθεν τῶν κρυπτῶν ἄλλοις φανεροῖς ἔστιν ὅτε φυλάττειν· καὶ τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξαπατητικὸν τῶν πολεμίων ὁμοίως τῷ πρόσθεν εἰρημένῳ.
Furthermore, for one who has hidden guards, it will be possible, by having a few visible men guard in front of the hidden ones, to try to lead the enemy into ambushes; and it is also effective for catching prey to have other visible men guard at times behind the hidden ones; for this too is deceptive to the enemy in the same way as the one mentioned before.
§4.13ἀλλὰ μὴν φρονίμου γε ἄρχοντος καὶ τὸ μήποτε κινδυνεύειν ἑκόντα, πλὴν ὅπου ἂν πρόδηλον ᾖ ὅτι πλέον ἕξει τῶν πολεμίων· τὸ δὲ ὑπηρετεῖν τὰ ἥδιστα τοῖς πολεμίοις προδοσία τῶν ξυμμάχων δικαίως ἂν μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνδρεία κρίνοιτο.
But indeed, it belongs to a prudent commander also never to run risks voluntarily, except where it is beforehand clear that he will have the advantage over the enemy; for to minister to the greatest pleasures of the enemy would more justly be judged treachery toward allies than bravery.
§4.14σῶφρον δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐκεῖσε ὁρμᾶν ὅπου ἂν ἀσθενῆ τὰ τῶν πολεμίων ᾖ, κἂν πρόσω ὄντα τυγχάνῃ.
And it is also prudent to make an onset where the enemy's affairs are weak, even if they happen to be far off.
τὸ γὰρ σφόδρα πονῆσαι ἀκινδυνότερον ἢ πρὸς τοὺς κρείττους ἀγωνίζεσθαι.
For to labor hard is less dangerous than to contend against those who are stronger.
§4.15ἢν δέ πῃ εἰς μέσον φιλίων τειχέων εἰσίωσιν οἱ πολέμιοι, κἂν πολὺ κρείττους ὄντες, καλὸν μὲν ἐντεῦθεν ἐπιχειρεῖν ὁποτέρωθι ἂν λελήθῃς παρών, καλὸν δὲ καὶ ἅμα ἀμφοτέρωθεν.
And if the enemy should enter somewhere into the midst of friendly walls, even if they are much stronger, it is good to attack them from there, on whichever side you may be present without being noticed, and it is also good to attack from both sides at once.
ὅταν γὰρ οἱ ἕτεροι ἀποχωρῶσιν, οἱ ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ θάτερα ἐλαύνοντες ταράττοιεν μὲν ἂν τοὺς πολεμίους, σῴζοιεν δʼ ἂν τοὺς φίλους.
For when one of the two parties retreats, those charging from the other side would throw the enemy into confusion and save their friends.
§4.16καὶ τὸ μὲν διὰ κατασκόπων πειρᾶσθαι εἰδέναι τὰ τῶν πολεμίων πάλαι εἴρηται ὡς ἀγαθόν ἐστιν· ἐγὼ δὲ πάντων ἄριστον νομίζω εἶναι τὸ αὐτὸν πειρᾶσθαι, ἢν ᾖ ποθεν ἐξ ἀσφαλοῦς, θεώμενον τοὺς πολεμίους ἀθρεῖν ἤν τι ἁμαρτάνωσι.
And indeed, to try to know the enemy's affairs through scouts has long ago been said to be good; but I think the best of all is to try oneself, if it is possible from somewhere in safety, to observe the enemy by watching them, to see if they make any mistake.
§4.17καὶ τὸ μὲν κλαπῆναι δυνατὸν πέμπειν χρὴ τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους κλέψοντας, τὸ δʼ ἁρπασθῆναι ἐγχωροῦν ἐφιέναι τοὺς ἁρπάσοντας.
And whatever is capable of being stolen, one must send suitable men to steal it, and whatever admits of being snatched away, one must let go those who will snatch it.
ἢν δὲ πορευομένων ποι τῶν πολεμίων ἀπαρτᾶταί τι ἀσθενέστερον τῆς αὑτοῦ δυνάμεως ἢ θαρροῦν ἀποσκεδαννύηται, οὐδὲ τοῦτο χρὴ λανθάνειν· ἀεὶ μέντοι τῷ ἰσχυροτέρῳ τὸ ἀσθενέστερον θηρᾶν.
And if, while the enemy are marching somewhere, some part is detached which is weaker than one's own force, or if they disperse in overconfidence, this too must not escape notice; always, however, hunt the weaker with the stronger.
§4.18δυνατὸν δὲ προσέχοντι τὸν νοῦν ταῦτα καταμανθάνειν, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰ βραχυγνωμονέστερα ἀνθρώπου θηρία, οἵ τε ἴκτινοι δύνανται ὃ ἂν ἀφύλακτον ᾖ ἀφαρπάσαντες εἰς τὸ ἀσφαλὲς ἀποχωρεῖν πρὶν ληφθῆναι, καὶ οἱ λύκοι δὲ τά τε ἐρημούμενα φυλακῆς ἀγρεύουσι καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς δυσοράτοις κλέπτουσι, §4.19κἂν μεταθέων γέ τις ἐπιγίγνηται κύων, ἢν μὲν ἥττων ᾖ, τούτῳ ἐπιτίθεται, ἢν δὲ κρείττων, ἀποσπάσας ὅ τι ἂν ἔχῃ ἀποχωρεῖ.
And it is possible to learn these things if one pays attention, since even beasts, which have less intelligence than man—both kites are able, having snatched up whatever is unguarded, to retreat to safety before they are caught, and wolves hunt what is left destitute of guard and steal what is in places hard to see, and if some dog comes upon them in pursuit, if it is weaker, they attack it, but if it is stronger, they snatch away whatever they have and retreat.
ὅταν δέ γε φυλακῆς καταφρονήσωσι λύκοι, τάξαντες ἑαυτῶν τοὺς μὲν ἀπελάσαι τὴν φυλακήν, τοὺς δὲ ἁρπάζειν, οὕτω τὰ ἐπιτήδεια πορίζονται.
And whenever wolves look down on a guard, having stationed some of themselves to drive off the guard and others to snatch, they thus procure their provisions.
§4.20θηρίων γε μὴν δυναμένων τὰ τοιαῦτα φρονίμως λῄζεσθαι, πῶς οὐκ ἄνθρωπόν γε ὄντα εἰκὸς σοφώτερον τούτων φαίνεσθαι ἃ καὶ αὐτὰ τέχνῃ ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπου ἁλίσκεται;
Indeed, since beasts are able to plunder in such a prudent manner, how is it not reasonable that a man, at any rate, should appear wiser than these creatures, which themselves are caught by the art of man?