§1.23ἐπεὶ μέντοι ἀνὰ τὰ πεδία οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ Φρυγίᾳ ἐδύνατο στρατεύεσθαι διὰ τὴν Φαρναβάζου ἱππείαν, ἔδοξεν αὐτῷ ἱππικὸν κατασκευαστέον εἶναι, ὡς μὴ δραπετεύοντα πολεμεῖν δέοι αὐτόν.
Since, however, he was not able to campaign in the plains even in Phrygia because of Pharnabazus's cavalry, he decided that a cavalry force must be organized, so that he might not have to fight like a runaway.
τοὺς μὲν οὖν πλουσιωτάτους ἐκ πασῶν τῶν ἐκεῖ πόλεων ἱπποτροφεῖν κατέλεξε.
Therefore, he enrolled the wealthiest men from all the cities there to breed horses.
§1.24προεῖπε δέ, ὅστις παρέχοιτο ἵππον καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἄνδρα δόκιμον, ὡς ἐξέσοιτο αὐτῷ μὴ στρατεύεσθαι· καὶ ἐποίησεν οὕτως ἕκαστον προθύμως ταῦτα πράττειν ὥσπερ ἄν τις τὸν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ ἀποθανούμενον προθύμως μαστεύοι.
He gave advance notice that whoever provided a horse, arms, and an approved rider would be permitted not to campaign himself; and he made each of them do this as eagerly as one would eagerly search for someone to die in his stead.
ἔταξε δὲ καὶ πόλεις ἐξ ὧν δέοι τοὺς ἱππέας παρασκευάζειν, νομίζων ἐκ τῶν ἱπποτρόφων πόλεων εὐθὺς καὶ φρονηματίας μάλιστα ἂν ἐπὶ τῇ ἱππικῇ γενέσθαι.
He also designated the cities from which the cavalry must be supplied, believing that from the horse-breeding cities, men of the greatest spirit in horsemanship would straightway emerge.
καὶ τοῦτʼ οὖν ἀγαστῶς ἔδοξε πρᾶξαι, ὅτι κατεσκεύαστο τὸ ἱππικὸν αὐτῷ καὶ εὐθὺς ἐρρωμένον ἦν καὶ ἐνεργόν.
This also, then, he was thought to have accomplished admirably, because his cavalry was organized and was immediately strong and active.
§1.25ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔαρ ὑπέφαινε, συνήγαγε πᾶν τὸ στράτευμα εἰς Ἔφεσον· ἀσκῆσαι δὲ αὐτὸ βουλόμενος ἆθλα προὔθηκε καὶ ταῖς ἱππικαῖς τάξεσιν, ἥτις κράτιστα ἱππεύοι, καὶ ταῖς ὁπλιτικαῖς, ἥτις ἄριστα σωμάτων ἔχοι·
As spring was beginning to appear, he assembled the entire army at Ephesus; and wishing to train it, he offered prizes both for the cavalry divisions which should ride best, and for the heavy infantry divisions which should be in the best physical condition.
καὶ πελτασταῖς δὲ καὶ τοξόταις ἆθλα προύθηκεν, οἵτινες κράτιστοι τὰ προσήκοντα ἔργα φαίνοιντο.
He also offered prizes for the peltasts and archers who should show themselves best in their respective duties.
ἐκ τούτου δὲ παρῆν ὁρᾶν τὰ μὲν γυμνάσια μεστὰ ἀνδρῶν γυμναζομένων, τὸν δὲ ἱππόδρομον ἱππέων ἱππαζομένων, τοὺς δὲ ἀκοντιστὰς καὶ τοὺς τοξότας ἐπὶ στόχον ἱέντας.
Consequently, one could see the gymnasia full of men exercising, the hippodrome full of horsemen riding, and the javelin-throwers and archers shooting at targets.
§1.26ἀξίαν δὲ καὶ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν ἐν ᾗ ἦν θέας ἐποίησεν.
He also made the whole city in which he was staying a sight worth seeing.
ἥ τε γὰρ ἀγορὰ μεστὴ ἦν παντοδαπῶν καὶ ὅπλων καὶ ἵππων ὠνίων, οἵ τε χαλκοτύποι καὶ οἱ τέκτονες καὶ οἱ σιδηρεῖς καὶ σκυτεῖς καὶ γραφεῖς πάντες πολεμικὰ ὅπλα κατεσκεύαζον· ὥστε τὴν πόλιν ὄντως ἂν ἡγήσω πολέμου ἐργαστήριον εἶναι.
For the market was full of all kinds of armor and horses for sale, and the coppersmiths, carpenters, blacksmiths, shoemakers, and painters were all preparing implements of war; so that you would indeed have thought the city to be a workshop of war.
§1.27ἐπερρώσθη δʼ ἄν τις κἀκεῖνο ἰδών, Ἀγησίλαον μὲν πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτας ἐστεφανωμένους τε ὅπου ἀπὸ τῶν γυμνασίων ἴοιεν, καὶ ἀνατιθέντας τοὺς στεφάνους τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι.
One would also have been encouraged at seeing this: first Agesilaus, and then the other soldiers, wearing wreaths whenever they came from the gymnasia, and dedicating their wreaths to Artemis.
ὅπου γὰρ ἄνδρες θεοὺς μὲν σέβοιεν, πολεμικὰ δὲ ἀσκοῖεν, πειθαρχίαν δὲ μελετῷεν, πῶς οὐκ εἰκὸς ἐνταῦθα πάντα μεστὰ ἐλπίδων ἀγαθῶν εἶναι;
For where men revere the gods, practice military arts, and study obedience, how is it not natural that there everything should be full of good hope?
§1.28ἡγούμενος δὲ καὶ τὸ καταφρονεῖν τῶν πολεμίων ῥώμην τινὰ ἐμβαλεῖν πρὸς τὸ μάχεσθαι, προεῖπε τοῖς κήρυξι τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν λῃστῶν ἁλισκομένους βαρβάρους γυμνοὺς πωλεῖν.
Believing also that to despise the enemy would instill a certain strength for fighting, he ordered the heralds to sell the barbarians captured by the plunderers naked.
ὁρῶντες οὖν οἱ στρατιῶται λευκοὺς μὲν διὰ τὸ μηδέποτε ἐκδύεσθαι, πίονας δὲ καὶ ἀπόνους διὰ τὸ ἀεὶ ἐπʼ ὀχημάτων εἶναι, ἐνόμισαν μηδὲν διοίσειν τὸν πόλεμον ἢ εἰ γυναιξὶ δέοι μάχεσθαι.
Therefore, when the soldiers saw that they were white because they never undressed, and fat and lazy because they were always in carriages, they thought that the war would be no different than if they had to fight against women.
προεῖπε δὲ καὶ τοῦτο τοῖς στρατιώταις, ὡς εὐθὺς ἡγήσοιτο τὴν συντομωτάτην ἐπὶ τὰ κράτιστα τῆς χώρας, ὅπως αὐτόθεν αὐτῷ τὰ σώματα καὶ τὴν γνώμην παρασκευάζοιντο ὡς ἀγωνιούμενοι.
He also gave this advance notice to his soldiers: that he would immediately lead them by the shortest route to the richest parts of the country, so that from that moment they might prepare their bodies and minds with the expectation of fighting.
§1.29ὁ μέντοι Τισσαφέρνης ταῦτα μὲν ἐνόμισε λέγειν αὐτὸν πάλιν βουλόμενον ἐξαπατῆσαι, εἰς Καρίαν δὲ νῦν τῷ ὄντι ἐμβαλεῖν.
Tissaphernes, however, believed that he said this because he wished to deceive him again, and that he would now truly invade Caria.
τό τε οὖν πεζὸν καθάπερ τὸ πρόσθεν εἰς Καρίαν διεβίβασε καὶ τὸ ἱππικὸν εἰς τὸ Μαιάνδρου πεδίον κατέστησεν.
Therefore, as before, he transferred his infantry to Caria and stationed his cavalry in the plain of the Maeander.
ὁ δὲ Ἀγησίλαος οὐκ ἐψεύσατο, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ προεῖπεν εὐθὺς εἰς τὸν Σαρδιανὸν τόπον ἐχώρησε, καὶ τρεῖς μὲν ἡμέρας διʼ ἐρημίας πολεμίων πορευόμενος πολλὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ στρατιᾷ παρεῖχε· τῇ δὲ τετάρτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἧκον οἱ τῶν πολεμίων ἱππεῖς.
But Agesilaus did not lie, but just as he had announced, he marched immediately to the district of Sardis, and for three days, marching through a country destitute of enemies, he provided the army with abundant supplies; and on the fourth day, the enemy's cavalry arrived.
§1.30καὶ τῷ μὲν ἄρχοντι τῶν σκευοφόρων εἶπεν ὁ ἡγεμὼν διαβάντι τὸν Πακτωλὸν ποταμὸν στρατοπεδεύεσθαι· αὐτοὶ δὲ κατιδόντες τοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀκολούθους ἐσπαρμένους καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἀπέκτειναν.
And the leader told the commander of the baggage train to cross the river Pactolus and encamp; but the enemy's horsemen, catching sight of the camp-followers of the Greeks scattered for plunder, killed many of them.
αἰσθόμενος δὲ ὁ Ἀγησίλαος βοηθεῖν ἐκέλευσε τοὺς ἱππέας.
Perceiving this, Agesilaus ordered his cavalry to bring help.
οἱ δʼ αὖ Πέρσαι ὡς εἶδον τὴν βοήθειαν, ἡθροίσθησαν καὶ ἀντιπαρετάξαντο παμπληθέσι τῶν ἱππέων τάξεσιν.
The Persians, in turn, when they saw the reinforcement, gathered together and drew up in opposition with immense squadrons of cavalry.