Humanitext Reader

Hesiod · Theogony §220-294

Descendants of Night and the Offspring of Pontus

Passage 4 of 14 · Greek

Summary

Continuing from the descendants of Night, the passage traces the genealogy of the sea deities born from Pontus, including the fifty Nereids, as well as the births and myths of the Harpies, the Graeae, the Gorgons (Medusa), Pegasus, Chrysaor, and Geryon.

§220αἵτʼ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε παραιβασίας ἐφέπουσιν· §221οὐδέ ποτε λήγουσι θεαὶ δεινοῖο χόλοιο, §222πρίν γʼ ἀπὸ τῷ δώωσι κακὴν ὄπιν, ὅς τις ἁμάρτῃ.
And they pursue the transgressions of men and of gods; never do the goddesses cease from their terrible anger until they have given evil punishment to whoever has sinned.
§223τίκτε δὲ καὶ Νέμεσιν, πῆμα θνητοῖσι βροτοῖσι, §224Νὺξ ὀλοή· μετὰ τὴν δʼ Ἀπάτην τέκε καὶ Φιλότητα §225Γῆράς τʼ οὐλόμενον, καὶ Ἔριν τέκε καρτερόθυμον.
And destructive Night bore Nemesis also, a pain for mortal men, and after her she bore Apate and Philotes and ruinous Geras, and she bore strong-minded Eris.
§226αὐτὰρ Ἔρις στυγερὴ τέκε μὲν Πόνον ἀλγινόεντα §227Λήθην τε Λιμόν τε καὶ Ἄλγεα δακρυόεντα §228Ὑσμίνας τε Μάχας τε Φόνους τʼ Ἀνδροκτασίας τε §229Νείκεά τε ψευδέας τε Λόγους Ἀμφιλλογίας τε §230Δυσνομίην τʼ Ἄτην τε, συνήθεας ἀλλήλῃσιν, §231Ὅρκον θʼ, ὃς δὴ πλεῖστον ἐπιχθονίους ἀνθρώπους §232πημαίνει, ὅτε κέν τις ἑκὼν ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ.
But hateful Eris bore painful Ponos and Lethe and Limos and tearful Algea and Hysminai and Machai and Phonoi and Androktasiai, and Neikea and false Logos and Amphillogiai, and Dysnomia and Ate, companions to one another, and Horkos, who indeed most of all troubles earthly men whenever anyone willfully swears a false oath.
§233Νηρέα δʼ ἀψευδέα καὶ ἀληθέα γείνατο Πόντος, §234πρεσβύτατον παίδων· αὐτὰρ καλέουσι γέροντα, §235οὕνεκα νημερτής τε καὶ ἤπιος, οὐδὲ θεμιστέων §236λήθεται, ἀλλὰ δίκαια καὶ ἤπια δήνεα οἶδεν·
And Pontus begot Nereus, truthful and without deceit, the eldest of his children; and they call him the Old Man, because he is true and gentle, and does not forget the laws, but knows just and gentle counsels.
§237αὖτις δʼ αὖ Θαύμαντα μέγαν καὶ ἀγήνορα Φόρκυν §238Γαίῃ μισγόμενος καὶ Κητὼ καλλιπάρῃον §239Εὐρυβίην τʼ ἀδάμαντος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχουσαν.
And again he begot great Thaumas and proud Phorcys, mingling with Earth, and beautiful-cheeked Ceto, and Eurybia, who has a heart of adamant within her breast.
§240Νηρῆος δʼ ἐγένοντο μεγήρατα τέκνα θεάων §241πόντῳ ἐν ἀτρυγέτῳ καὶ Δωρίδος ἠυκόμοιο, §242κούρης Ὠκεανοῖο, τελήεντος ποταμοῖο, §243Πλωτώ τʼ Εὐκράντη τε Σαώ τʼ Ἀμφιτρίτη τε §244Εὐδώρη τε Θέτις τε Γαλήνη τε Γλαύκη τε §245Κυμοθόη Σπειώ τε Θόη θʼ Ἀλίη τʼ ἐρόεσσα §246Πασιθέη τʼ Ἐρατώ τε καὶ Εὐνίκη ῥοδόπηχυς §247καὶ Μελίτη χαρίεσσα καὶ Εὐλιμένη καὶ Ἀγαυὴ §248Δωτώ τε Πρωτώ τε Φέρουσά τε Δυναμένη τε §249Νησαίη τε καὶ Ἀκταίη καὶ Πρωτομέδεια §250Δωρὶς καὶ Πανόπεια καὶ εὐειδὴς Γαλάτεια §251Ἱπποθόη τʼ ἐρόεσσα καὶ Ἱππονόη ῥοδόπηχυς §252Κυμοδόκη θʼ, ἣ κύματʼ ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ §253πνοιάς τε ζαέων ἀνέμων σὺν Κυματολήγῃ §254ῥεῖα πρηΰνει καὶ ἐυσφύρῳ Ἀμφιτρίτῃ, §255Κυμώ τʼ Ἠιόνη τε ἐυστέφανός θʼ Ἁλιμήδη §256Γλαυκονόμη τε φιλομμειδὴς καὶ Ποντοπόρεια §257Ληαγόρη τε καὶ Εὐαγόρη καὶ Λαομέδεια §258Πουλυνόη τε καὶ Αὐτονόη καὶ Λυσιάνασσα §259Εὐάρνη τε φυήν τʼ ἐρατὴ καὶ εἶδος ἄμωμος §260καὶ Ψαμάθη χαρίεσσα δέμας δίη τε Μενίππη §261Νησώ τʼ Εὐπόμπη τε Θεμιστώ τε Προνόη τε §262Νημερτής θʼ, ἣ πατρὸς ἔχει νόον ἀθανάτοιο.
And of Nereus were born the lovely children of goddesses, in the barren sea, of lovely-haired Doris, daughter of Oceanus, the perfect river: Ploto and Eucrante and Sao and Amphitrite, Eudore and Thetis and Galene and Glauce, Cymothoe and Speio and Thoe and lovely Halie, Pasithea and Erato and rosy-armed Eunice, and graceful Melite and Eulimene and Agaue, Doto and Proto and Pherusa and Dynamene, Nesaie and Actaie and Protomedeia, Doris and Panopeia and beautiful Galateia, lovely Hippothoe and rosy-armed Hipponoe, and Cymodoce, who easily calms the waves on the misty deep and the blasts of raging winds with Cymatolege and with fair-ankled Amphitrite, Cymo and Eione and fair-crowned Halimede, laughter-loving Glauconome and Pontoporeia, Leagore and Evagore and Laomedeia, Polynoe and Autonoe and Lysianassa, Evarne, lovely of form and blameless of appearance, and graceful Psamathe, of beautiful body, and divine Menippe, Neso and Eupompe and Themisto and Pronoe, and Nemertes, who has the mind of her immortal father.
§263αὗται μὲν Νηρῆος ἀμύμονος ἐξεγένοντο §264κοῦραι πεντήκοντα, ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυῖαι.
These were born of blameless Nereus, fifty maidens, skilled in blameless deeds.
§265Θαύμας δʼ Ὠκεανοῖο βαθυρρείταο θύγατρα §266ἠγάγετʼ Ἠλέκτρην· ἣ δʼ ὠκεῖαν τέκεν Ἶριν §267ἠυκόμους θʼ Ἁρπυίας Ἀελλώ τʼ Ὠκυπέτην τε, §268αἵ ῥʼ ἀνέμων πνοιῇσι καὶ οἰωνοῖς ἅμʼ ἕπονται §269ὠκείῃς πτερύγεσσι· μεταχρόνιαι γὰρ ἴαλλον.
And Thaumas took Electra, daughter of deep-flowing Oceanus, for his wife; and she bore swift Iris and lovely-haired Harpies, Aello and Ocypete, who follow close upon the blasts of the winds and the birds with swift wings; for they fly high in the air.
§270Φόρκυϊ δʼ αὖ Κητὼ Γραίας τέκε καλλιπαρῄους §271ἐκ γενετῆς πολιάς, τὰς δὴ Γραίας καλέουσιν §272ἀθάνατοί τε θεοὶ χαμαὶ ἐρχόμενοί τʼ ἄνθρωποι, §273Πεμφρηδώ τʼ ἐύπεπλον Ἐνυώ τε κροκόπεπλον, §274Γοργούς θʼ, αἳ ναίουσι πέρην κλυτοῦ Ὠκεανοῖο §275ἐσχατιῇ πρὸς Νυκτός, ἵνʼ Ἑσπερίδες λιγύφωνοι, §276Σθεννώ τʼ Εὐρυάλη τε Μέδουσά τε λυγρὰ παθοῦσα.
And to Phorcys again Ceto bore the fair-cheeked Graeae, grey from their birth, whom indeed the immortal gods and men walking on the earth call Graeae, fair-robed Pemphredo and saffron-robed Enyo, and the Gorgons, who dwell beyond glorious Oceanus at the edge near the Night, where are the clear-voiced Hesperides, Sthenno and Euryale and Medusa who suffered a pitiful fate.
§277ἣ μὲν ἔην θνητή, αἳ δʼ ἀθάνατοι καὶ ἀγήρῳ, §278αἱ δύο· τῇ δὲ μιῇ παρελέξατο Κυανοχαίτης §279ἐν μαλακῷ λειμῶνι καὶ ἄνθεσιν εἰαρινοῖσιν.
She indeed was mortal, but they were immortal and ageless, the other two; and with the one lay the Dark-haired God in a soft meadow and among spring flowers.
§280τῆς δʼ ὅτε δὴ Περσεὺς κεφαλὴν ἀπεδειροτόμησεν, §281ἔκθορε Χρυσαωρ τε μέγας καὶ Πήγασος ἵππος.
And when Perseus cut off her head, forth leaped great Chrysaor and the horse Pegasus.
§282τῷ μὲν ἐπώνυμον ἦεν, ὅτʼ Ὠκεανοῦ περὶ πηγὰς §283γένθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄορ χρύσειον ἔχων μετὰ χερσὶ φίλῃσιν.
He indeed had his name because near the springs of Oceanus he was born, while the other had a golden sword in his dear hands.
§284χὠ μὲν ἀποπτάμενος προλιπὼν χθόνα, μητέρα μήλων, §285ἵκετʼ ἐς ἀθανάτους· Ζηνὸς δʼ ἐν δώμασι ναίει §286βροντήν τε στεροπήν τε φέρων Διὶ μητιόεντι.
And he flew away, leaving the earth, mother of sheep, and came to the immortals; and he dwells in the house of Zeus, bringing thunder and lightning to wise Zeus.
§287Χρυσάωρ δʼ ἔτεκεν τρικέφαλον Γηρυονῆα §288μιχθεὶς Καλλιρόῃ κούρῃ κλυτοῦ Ὠκεανοῖο.
But Chrysaor begot three-headed Geryon, mingling with Callirhoe, daughter of glorious Oceanus.
§289τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ ἐξενάριξε βίη Ἡρακληείη §290βουσὶ παρʼ εἰλιπόδεσσι περιρρύτῳ εἰν Ἐρυθείῃ §291ἤματι τῷ ὅτε περ βοῦς ἤλασεν εὐρυμετώπους §292Τίρυνθʼ εἰς ἱερὴν διαβὰς πόρον Ὠκεανοῖο §293Ὄρθον τε κτείνας καὶ βουκόλον Εὐρυτίωνα §294σταθμῷ ἐν ἠερόεντι πέρην κλυτοῦ Ὠκεανοῖο.
Him the might of Heracles slew beside his shambling cattle in sea-girt Erytheia on the day when he drove the broad-browed cattle to sacred Tiryns, crossing the stream of Oceanus, having killed Orthus and the herdsman Eurytion in the misty stall beyond glorious Oceanus.

Notes

  1. §222ἀπὸ τῷ δώωσι — The preposition ἀπό and the verb δώωσι (epic subjunctive of δίδωμι) undergo tmesis, together functioning as the compound verb ἀποδίδωμι (to render, repay). The word τῷ serves as a demonstrative pronoun in the dative ("to him"), which is further specified by the following relative clause ὅς τις ἁμάρτῃ ("whoever has sinned").
  2. §269μεταχρόνιαι — Although grammatically a nominative plural adjective, it is used here adverbially to mean "high in the air" or "aloft." Along with the verb ἴαλλον (imperfect of ἰάλλω, "to send forth" or here intransitive "to dart/fly"), it dynamically describes the Harpies flying through the sky.
  3. §282τῷ μὲν ... ὃ δʼ — This contrastive structure explains the etymology (etiology) of Pegasus and Chrysaor. For the former, τῷ μὲν (Pegasus), the reason is given in a subordinate clause: ὅτʼ Ὠκεανοῦ περὶ πηγὰς γένθʼ (born near the springs, πηγάς, of Oceanus); for the latter, ὃ δʼ (Chrysaor), the reason is expressed as a participle clause: ἄορ χρύσειον ἔχων (having a golden sword, χρύσειον ἄορ), presenting an asymmetrical construction.
  4. §289βίη Ἡρακληείη — The subject "the might of Heracles" is a poetic periphrasis (metonymy) referring to the person Heracles himself. Although grammatically the subject is the feminine noun βίη, it functions as the subject of the transitive verb which takes the masculine singular accusative pronoun τὸν μὲν (referring to Geryon) as its object, operating under the understanding that the agent is the male figure Heracles.

Cite this passage

Hesiod, Theogony §220-294. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:220-294

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.