Humanitext Reader

Aristophanes · Clouds §967-1044

The Better Argument's Defense of Traditional Education

Passage 13 of 19 · Greek

Summary

The Stronger Argument details the strict, modest, and healthy education system of ancient Athens, lamenting the decay of modern youth. In response, the Chorus praises his speech and urges the Weaker Argument to offer an equally formidable counterargument.

§967ἢ Παλλάδα περσέπολιν δεινὰν ἢ τηλέπορόν τι βόαμα, §968ἐντειναμένους τὴν ἁρμονίαν, ἣν οἱ πατέρες παρέδωκαν. §969εἰ δέ τις αὐτῶν βωμολοχεύσαιτʼ ἢ κάμψειέν τινα καμπήν, §970οἵας οἱ νῦν τὰς κατὰ Φρῦνιν ταύτας τὰς δυσκολοκάμπτους, §971ἐπετρίβετο τυπτόμενος πολλὰς ὡς τὰς Μούσας ἀφανίζων. §972ἐν παιδοτρίβου δὲ καθίζοντας τὸν μηρὸν ἔδει προβαλέσθαι
Argument: "Either 'Pallas, sacker of cities, dread goddess,' or 'a far-sounding cry,' singing with tension the harmony which our fathers handed down." "And if any of them should play the buffoon or bend any turn, as those modern difficult-to-bend turns of Phrynis, was soundly beaten with many blows as destroying the Muses." "And at the gymnastic trainer's, the boys had to sit extending their thighs forward, that they would show nothing indecent to those outside.
§973τοὺς παῖδας, ὅπως τοῖς ἔξωθεν μηδὲν δείξειαν ἀπηνές· §975εἶτʼ αὖ πάλιν αὖθις ἀνιστάμενον συμψῆσαι, καὶ προνοεῖσθαι §976εἴδωλον τοῖσιν ἐρασταῖσιν τῆς ἥβης μὴ καταλείπειν. §977ἠλείψατο δʼ ἂν τοὐμφαλοῦ οὐδεὶς παῖς ὑπένερθεν τότʼ ἄν, ὥστε §978τοῖς αἰδοίοισι δρόσος καὶ χνοῦς ὥσπερ μήλοισιν ἐπήνθει·
again, when rising, to smooth the sand again, and to take precaution to leave an image of youth for their lovers." "And no boy then would rub below the navel, so that and down flourished on their private parts like on apples.
§979οὐδʼ ἂν μαλακὴν φυρασάμενος τὴν φωνὴν πρὸς τὸν ἐραστὴν §980αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν προαγωγεύων τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἐβάδιζεν, §981οὐδʼ ἀνελέσθαι δειπνοῦντʼ ἐξῆν καὶ κεφάλαιον ῥαφανῖδος, §982οὐδʼ ἄννηθον τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἁρπάζειν οὐδὲ σέλινον, §983οὐδʼ ὀψοφαγεῖν οὐδὲ κιχλίζειν οὐδʼ ἴσχειν τὼ πόδʼ ἐναλλάξ. §984ἀρχαῖά γε καὶ Διιπολιώδη καὶ τεττίγων ἀνάμεστα §985καὶ Κηκείδου καὶ Βουφονίων. §985bἀλλʼ οὖν ταῦτʼ ἐστὶν ἐκεῖνα, §986ἐξ ὧν ἄνδρας Μαραθωνομάχας ἡμὴ παίδευσις ἔθρεψεν. §987σὺ δὲ τοὺς νῦν εὐθὺς ἐν ἱματίοισι διδάσκεις ἐντετυλίχθαι· §988ὥστε μʼ ἀπάγχεσθʼ, ὅταν ὀρχεῖσθαι Παναθηναίοις δέον αὐτοὺς §989τὴν ἀσπίδα τῆς κωλῆς προέχων ἀμελῇ τῆς Τριτογενείας. §990πρὸς ταῦτʼ ὦ μειράκιον θαρρῶν ἐμὲ τὸν κρείττω λόγον αἱροῦ· §991κἀπιστήσει μισεῖν ἀγορὰν καὶ βαλανείων ἀπέχεσθαι, §992καὶ τοῖς αἰσχροῖς αἰσχύνεσθαι, κἂν σκώπτῃ τίς σε φλέγεσθαι· §993καὶ τῶν θάκων τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις ὑπανίστασθαι προσιοῦσιν, §994καὶ μὴ περὶ τοὺς σαυτοῦ γονέας σκαιουργεῖν, ἄλλο τε μηδὲν §995αἰσχρὸν ποιεῖν, ὅτι τῆς αἰδοῦς μέλλεις τἄγαλμʼ ἀναπλάττειν· §996μηδʼ εἰς ὀρχηστρίδος εἰσᾴττειν, ἵνα μὴ πρὸς ταῦτα κεχηνὼς §997μήλῳ βληθεὶς ὑπὸ πορνιδίου τῆς εὐκλείας ἀποθραυσθῇς· §998μηδʼ ἀντειπεῖν τῷ πατρὶ μηδέν, μηδʼ Ἰαπετὸν καλέσαντα §999μνησικακῆσαι τὴν ἡλικίαν ἐξ ἧς ἐνεοττοτροφήθης. §1000εἰ ταῦτʼ ὦ μειράκιον πείσει τούτῳ, νὴ τὸν Διόνυσον §1001τοῖς Ἱπποκράτους υἱέσιν εἴξεις καὶ σε καλοῦσι βλιτομάμμαν.
would he walk making his voice soft to his lover, as his own procurer with his eyes." "Nor was it permitted to snatch the head of a radish when dining, to grab dill or celery from the elders, to eat fish greedily, nor to giggle, nor to cross one's feet." Argument: "Old-fashioned indeed, and full of Diipolia-like notions, and of cicadas, of Keikeides, and of Bufonia!" Argument: "But nevertheless, these are those very things which my education reared the Marathon-fighters." "But you teach the modern youth to be wrapped up in cloaks immediately from the start; that I am choked when, when they must dance at the Panathenaia, the shield in front of his thigh, he neglects Tritogeneia." "Therefore, O youth, choose with confidence me, the stronger argument; you will learn to hate the assembly and keep away from baths, to blush at shameful things, and to burn with shame if anyone mocks you; to rise from seats for elders as they approach, not to behave badly toward your own parents, nor to do any other thing, because you are about to mold the statue of modesty." "Nor to rush into a dancing-girl's house, lest while gaping at these things, struck with an apple by a little courtesan, you be broken off from your good reputation." "Nor to speak back to your father at all, nor, calling him Iapetus, bear a grudge for the age from which you were nurtured as a nestling." Argument: "If you obey him in these things, O youth, by Dionysus, will resemble the sons of Hippocrates and they will call you a simpleton." Argument: "But nevertheless, you will spend your time sleek and blooming in the gymnasia, chattering in the market-place vulgar jokes like the moderns, being dragged along concerning some petty, sticky, disputatious lawsuit.
§1002ἀλλʼ οὖν λιπαρός γε καὶ εὐανθὴς ἐν γυμνασίοις διατρίψεις, §1003οὐ στωμύλλων κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν τριβολεκτράπελʼ οἷάπερ οἱ νῦν, §1004οὐδʼ ἑλκόμενος περὶ πραγματίου γλισχραντιλογεξεπιτρίπτου· §1005ἀλλʼ εἰς Ἀκαδήμειαν κατιὼν ὑπὸ ταῖς μορίαις ἀποθρέξει §1006στεφανωσάμενος καλάμῳ λευκῷ μετὰ σώφρονος ἡλικιώτου, §1007μίλακος ὄζων καὶ ἀπραγμοσύνης καὶ λεύκης φυλλοβολούσης, §1008ἦρος ἐν ὥρᾳ χαίρων, ὁπόταν πλάτανος πτελέᾳ ψιθυρίζῃ. §1009ἢν ταῦτα ποιῇς ἁγὼ φράζω, §1010καὶ πρὸς τούτοις προσέχῃς τὸν νοῦν, §1011ἕξεις ἀεὶ §1012στῆθος λιπαρόν, χροιὰν λαμπράν, §1013ὤμους μεγάλους, γλῶτταν βαιάν, §1014πυγὴν μεγάλην, πόσθην μικράν. §1015ἢν δʼ ἅπερ οἱ νῦν ἐπιτηδεύῃς, §1016πρῶτα μὲν ἕξεις §1017χροιὰν ὠχράν, ὤμους μικρούς, §1018στῆθος λεπτόν, γλῶτταν μεγάλην, §1019πυγὴν μικράν, κωλῆν μεγάλην, §1020ψήφισμα μακρόν, καὶ σʼ ἀναπείσει §1020aτὸ μὲν αἰσχρὸν ἅπαν καλὸν ἡγεῖσθαι, §1021τὸ καλὸν δʼ αἰσχρόν· §1022καὶ πρὸς τούτοις τῆς Ἀντιμάχου §1023καταπυγοσύνης ἀναπλήσει.
going down to the Academy, you will run under the sacred olives with white reed with a temperate companion of your age, of woodbine, of ease, and of the leaf-shedding white poplar, in the season of spring, when the plane-tree whispers to the elm." "If you do these things which I tell you, besides these, apply your mind, will always have sleek chest, a bright complexion, shoulders, a small tongue, large rump, a small penis." "But if you practice what the moderns do, of all you will have pale complexion, narrow shoulders, thin chest, a large tongue, small rump, a large penis, long decree; and it will persuade you consider everything shameful to be beautiful, the beautiful to be shameful; besides these, it will fill you with the pathic lifestyle Antimachus.": "O you who practice most glorious, tower-building wisdom, sweet is the temperate bloom upon your words!
§1024ὦ καλλίπυργον σοφίαν κλεινοτάτην ἐπασκῶν, §1025ὡς ἡδύ σου τοῖσι λόγοις σῶφρον ἔπεστιν ἄνθος. §1029†εὐδαίμονες δʼ ἦσαν ἄρʼ οἱ ζῶντες τότʼ ἐπὶ §1030τῶν προτέρων†·
indeed were those living then in the time of former men!
πρὸς τάδε σʼ ὦ κομψοπρεπῆ μοῦσαν ἔχων, §1031δεῖ σε λέγειν τι καινόν, ὡς ηὐδοκίμηκεν ἁνήρ. §1034δεινῶν δέ σοι βουλευμάτων ἔοικε δεῖν πρὸς αὐτόν, §1035εἴπερ τὸν ἄνδρʼ ὑπερβαλεῖ καὶ μὴ γέλωτʼ ὀφλήσεις. §1036καὶ μὴν πάλαι γʼ ἐπνιγόμην τὰ σπλάγχνα κἀπεθύμουν §1037ἅπαντα ταῦτʼ ἐναντίαις γνώμαισι συνταράξαι. §1038ἐγὼ γὰρ ἥττων μὲν λόγος διʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτʼ ἐκλήθην §1039ἐν τοῖσι φροντισταῖσιν, ὅτι πρώτιστος ἐπενόησα §1040τοῖσιν νόμοις καὶ ταῖς δίκαις τἀναντίʼ ἀντιλέξαι. §1041καὶ τοῦτο πλεῖν ἢ μυρίων ἔστʼ ἄξιον στατήρων, §1042αἱρούμενον τοὺς ἥττονας λόγους ἔπειτα νικᾶν. §1043σκέψαι δὲ τὴν παίδευσιν ᾗ πέποιθεν ὡς ἐλέγξω, §1044ὅστις σε θερμῷ φησι λοῦσθαι πρῶτον οὐκ ἐάσειν.
In response to this, O you who have an elegant Muse, is necessary for you to say something new, since the man has flourished so well." "And you seem to need terrible schemes against him, indeed you will surpass the man and not incur laughter." Argument: "Indeed, I was choking for a long time in my vitals and desiring throw all these things into confusion with contrary opinions." "For I was called the weaker argument among the thinkers this very reason, because I was the very first to devise to speak contrary to the laws and justice." "And this is worth more than ten thousand staters, the weaker arguments and then winning." "But observe how I will refute the education in which he trusts, says he will not first permit you to bathe with warm water."

Notes

  1. 967Παλλάδα περσέπολιν — These accusative phrases function as the direct objects of the verb "taught to learn beforehand a song" (ᾆσμʼ ἐδίδασκεν) in the previous line (§966), indicating the titles or opening lines of patriotic songs the boys learned.
  2. 971πολλάς — The feminine plural accusative adjective modified an implied noun such as "blows" (πληγάς), serving as an adverbial accusative of measure with the passive expression "was soundly beaten" (ἐπετρίβετο τυπτόμενος).
  3. 977τοὐμφαλοῦ — The genitive "τοὐμφαλοῦ" (a crasis of "τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ") is governed by the postpositive preposition or adverb "ὑπένερθεν" (below), meaning "below the navel."
  4. 995ὅτι — The conjunction "ὅτι" introduces a causal clause ("because"), explaining the reason why the youth must avoid shameful acts: they are expected to build up their own character as an image of modesty (αἰδώς).
  5. 1038διʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτʼ — The prepositional phrase "for this very reason" (διʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτο) points forward to the causal "ὅτι" clause, which explains the specific reason why the speaker was called "the weaker argument."

Cite this passage

Aristophanes, Clouds §967-1044. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003.humanitext-grc2:967-1044

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