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Herodotus · Histories §9.42.1-9.42.4

Mardonius's Interpretation of the Oracle and Order for Battle

Passage 1497 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Mardonius rejects Artabazus's advice to secure command and asks his officers about the oracle foretelling the destruction of the Persians in Greece. Amid their silence, Mardonius asserts that they will avoid destruction by not plundering the temple, and orders preparations for battle the next day.

§9.42.1τούτου δὲ οὕτω δικαιεῦντος ἀντέλεγε οὐδείς, ὥστε ἐκράτεε τῇ γνώμῃ· τὸ γὰρ κράτος εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς οὗτος ἐκ βασιλέος, ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀρτάβαζος.
Since he insisted in this way, no one spoke against him, so that he prevailed in his opinion; for he, and not Artabazus, held the command of the army from the king.
μεταπεμψάμενος ὦν τοὺς ταξιάρχους τῶν τελέων καὶ τῶν μετʼ ἑωυτοῦ ἐόντων Ἑλλήνων τοὺς στρατηγοὺς εἰρώτα εἴ τι εἰδεῖεν λόγιον περὶ Περσέων ὡς διαφθερέονται ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι.
Therefore, having summoned the commanders of the divisions and the generals of the Greeks who were with him, he asked them if they knew of any oracle concerning the Persians, to the effect that they would be destroyed in Greece.
§9.42.2σιγώντων δὲ τῶν ἐπικλήτων, τῶν μὲν οὐκ εἰδότων τοὺς χρησμούς, τῶν δὲ εἰδότων μὲν ἐν ἀδείῃ δὲ οὐ ποιευμένων τὸ λέγειν, αὐτὸς Μαρδόνιος ἔλεγε ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ὑμεῖς ἢ ἴστε οὐδὲν ἢ οὐ τολμᾶτε λέγειν, ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ ἐρέω ὡς εὖ ἐπιστάμενος·
But when those who had been summoned remained silent, some because they did not know the oracles, and others because, though they did know them, they did not consider it safe to speak, Mardonius himself said: "Since, then, you either know nothing or do not dare to speak, I myself will tell you, as one who knows well.
§9.42.3ἔστι λόγιον ὡς χρεόν ἐστι Πέρσας ἀπικομένους ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα διαρπάσαι τὸ ἱρὸν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖσι, μετὰ δὲ τὴν διαρπαγὴν ἀπολέσθαι πάντας.
There is an oracle that it is fated for the Persians, having come to Greece, to plunder the temple at Delphi, and after the plundering to perish all of them.
ἡμεῖς τοίνυν αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐπιστάμενοι οὔτε ἴμεν ἐπὶ τὸ ἱρὸν τοῦτο οὔτε ἐπιχειρήσομεν διαρπάζειν, ταύτης τε εἵνεκα τῆς αἰτίης οὐκ ἀπολεόμεθα.
We, therefore, knowing this very thing, will neither go to this temple nor attempt to plunder it, and for this reason we shall not perish.
§9.42.4ὥστε ὑμέων ὅσοι τυγχάνουσι εὔνοοι ἐόντες Πέρσῃσι, ἥδεσθε τοῦδε εἵνεκα ὡς περιεσομένους ἡμέας Ἑλλήνων. ταῦτά σφι εἴπας δεύτερα ἐσήμαινε παραρτέεσθαί τε πάντα καὶ εὐκρινέα ποιέεσθαι ὡς ἅμα ἡμέρῃ τῇ ἐπιούσῃ συμβολῆς ἐσομένης.
Therefore, as many of you as happen to be well-disposed to the Persians, rejoice on this account, that we shall overcome the Greeks." Having said this to them, he next gave orders that they should prepare everything and set all in order, on the ground that battle would take place at the break of the coming day.

Notes

  1. 9.42.1περὶ Περσέων ὡς διαφθερέονται — A construction of prolepsis (anticipation). The subject of the dependent clause (the Persians), which would normally appear in the ὡς clause, is anticipated in the main clause as the prepositional phrase περὶ Περσέων ("concerning the Persians").
  2. 9.42.2τῶν μὲν οὐκ εἰδότων ... τῶν δὲ εἰδότων μὲν ἐν ἀδείῃ δὲ οὐ ποιευμένων τὸ λέγειν, — A genitive absolute construction in partitive apposition to the preceding genitive absolute's subject τῶν ἐπικλήτων ("those who had been summoned"). It subdivides the whole group into two categories (μὲν... δέ...). The phrase ἐν ἀδείῃ ... ποιευμένων means "considering it safe (free from fear)."
  3. 9.42.4ὡς περιεσομένους ἡμέας Ἑλλήνων — A future participle construction in the accusative introduced by the particle ὡς, explaining and specifying the content of the preceding τοῦδε εἵνεκα ("on this account"). The verb περιγίγνομαι ("to overcome") takes the genitive (Ἑλλήνων).

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §9.42.1-9.42.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.42.1-9.42.4

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