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Herodotus · Histories §7.11.1-7.11.4

Xerxes' Wrath and Vow to Invade Greece

Passage 1071 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Xerxes, enraged by Artabanus's warnings, retorts by excluding his uncle from the expedition and leaving him behind. Invoking his illustrious lineage back to Achaemenes, Xerxes vows to carry out the invasion of Greece and take vengeance on the Athenians.

§7.11.1Ἀρτάβανος μὲν ταῦτα ἔλεξε, Ξέρξης δὲ θυμωθεὶς ἀμείβεται τοῖσιδε. Ἀρτάβανε, πατρὸς εἶς τοῦ ἐμοῦ ἀδελφεός· τοῦτό σε ῥύσεται μηδένα ἄξιον μισθὸν λαβεῖν ἐπέων ματαίων.
Artabanus spoke thus, and Xerxes, being angered, replied with these words: "Artabanus, you are a brother of my father; this shall save you from receiving any fitting reward for your foolish words.
καί τοι ταύτην τὴν ἀτιμίην προστίθημι ἐόντι κακῷ καὶ ἀθύμῳ, μήτε συστρατεύεσθαι ἔμοιγε ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα αὐτοῦ τε μένειν ἅμα τῇσι γυναιξί· ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἄνευ σέο ὅσα περ εἶπα ἐπιτελέα ποιήσω.
Yet I impose this disgrace upon you, since you are a coward and spiritless: that you shall not march with me against Greece, but shall remain here together with the women; and I, even without you, will accomplish all that I have said.
§7.11.2μὴ γὰρ εἴην ἐκ Δαρείου τοῦ Ὑστάσπεος τοῦ Ἀρσάμεος τοῦ Ἀριαράμνεω τοῦ Τεΐσπεος τοῦ Κύρου τοῦ Καμβύσεω τοῦ Τεΐσπεος τοῦ Ἀχαιμένεος γεγονώς, μὴ τιμωρησάμενος Ἀθηναίους, εὖ ἐπιστάμενος ὅτι εἰ ἡμεῖς ἡσυχίην ἄξομεν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐκεῖνοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ μάλα στρατεύσονται ἐπὶ τὴν ἡμετέρην, εἰ χρὴ σταθμώσασθαι τοῖσι ὑπαργμένοισι ἐξ ἐκείνων, οἳ Σάρδις τε ἐνέπρησαν καὶ ἤλασαν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίην.
For may I not be born of Darius, son of Hystaspes, son of Arsames, son of Ariaramnes, son of Teispes, son of Cyrus, son of Cambyses, son of Teispes, son of Achaemenes, if I do not take vengeance on the Athenians; knowing well that if we remain at peace, yet they will not, but will indeed march against our territory, if we must judge by what they have already done, who both burned Sardis and invaded Asia.
§7.11.3οὔκων ἐξαναχωρέειν οὐδετέροισι δυνατῶς ἔχει, ἀλλὰ ποιέειν ἢ παθεῖν πρόκειται ἀγών, ἵνα ἢ τάδε πάντα ὑπὸ Ἕλλησι ἢ ἐκεῖνα πάντα ὑπὸ Πέρσῃσι γένηται· τὸ γὰρ μέσον οὐδὲν τῆς ἔχθρης ἐστί.
Therefore it is not possible for either side to withdraw, but the contest lies before us to do or to suffer, so that either all these things shall fall under the Greeks, or all those things under the Persians; for there is no middle ground in our hostility.
§7.11.4καλὸν ὦν προπεπονθότας ἡμέας τιμωρέειν ἤδη γίνεται, ἵνα καὶ τὸ δεινὸν τὸ πείσομαι τοῦτο μάθω, ἐλάσας ἐπʼ ἄνδρας τούτους, τούς γε καὶ Πέλοψ ὁ Φρύξ, ἐὼν πατέρων τῶν ἐμῶν δοῦλος, κατεστρέψατο οὕτω ὡς καὶ ἐς τόδε αὐτοί τε ὥνθρωποι καὶ ἡ γῆ αὐτῶν ἐπώνυμοι τοῦ καταστρεψαμένου καλέονται.
So it is now noble for us, who have suffered beforehand, to take vengeance, so that I may also learn this dreadful thing which I shall suffer, by marching against these men, whom even Pelops the Phrygian, though he was a slave of my ancestors, so subdued that even to this day both the men themselves and their land are called after the name of him who subdued them."

Notes

  1. 7.11.1ῥύσεται μηδένα — After verbs of preventing, protecting, or hindering (such as ῥύομαι), a redundant negative (here μηδένα with the infinitive λαβεῖν) is commonly added to the following infinitive in Classical Greek. It should not be translated as a double negation, but rather as a single negation: 'shall protect you from receiving...'
  2. 7.11.2μὴ γὰρ εἴην ... γεγονώς, μὴ τιμωρησάμενος — The first clause μὴ εἴην γεγονώς contains an optative of wish ('may I not be born from...'), while the subsequent participle μὴ τιμωρησάμενος functions as a conditional participle with negative force ('if I do not take vengeance'). Together, they form a strong oath of resolve: 'may I not be Darius' descendant if I do not punish the Athenians.'
  3. 7.11.4τὸ δεινὸν τὸ πείσομαι — 'The dreadful thing that I shall suffer.' This is an ironic phrasing where Xerxes mockingly refers back to Artabanus's persistent warnings in the previous chapter (7.10H) about the terrible fate awaiting the expedition.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §7.11.1-7.11.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.11.1-7.11.4

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