Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §7.12.1-7.12.2

Xerxes' Change of Mind and the Dream Vision

Passage 1072 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

At night, Xerxes reconsiders Artabanus's advice and decides to cancel the expedition against Greece, but a vision appears to him in his sleep, urging him to carry out the original plan.

§7.12.1ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο ἐλέγετο.
These things were spoken to this extent.
μετὰ δὲ εὐφρόνη τε ἐγίνετο καὶ Ξέρξην ἔκνιζε ἡ Ἀρταβάνου γνώμη·
Afterwards, night came on, and the opinion of Artabanus troubled Xerxes.
νυκτὶ δὲ βουλὴν διδοὺς πάγχυ εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ πρῆγμα εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα.
Giving counsel to himself by night, he found it completely not to his interest to march against Greece.
δεδογμένων δέ οἱ αὖτις τούτων κατύπνωσε, καὶ δή κου ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ εἶδε ὄψιν τοιήνδε, ὡς λέγεται ὑπὸ Περσέων· ἐδόκεε ὁ Ξέρξης ἄνδρα οἱ ἐπιστάντα μέγαν τε καὶ εὐειδέα εἰπεῖν §7.12.2μετὰ δὴ βουλεύεαι, ὦ Πέρσα, στράτευμα μὴ ἄγειν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, προείπας ἁλίζειν Πέρσας στρατόν;
When these things had been decided by him anew, he fell asleep, and indeed, as is said by the Persians, he saw in the night a vision of this kind: it seemed to Xerxes that a man, tall and handsome, stood over him and said: "Do you change your counsel now, O Persian, and decide not to lead an army against Greece, after having publicly ordered the Persians to assemble a force?
οὔτε ὦν μεταβουλευόμενος ποιέεις εὖ οὔτε ὁ συγγνωσόμενός τοι πάρα· ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ τῆς ἡμέρης ἐβουλεύσαο ποιέειν, ταύτην ἴθι τῶν ὁδῶν.
Neither then do you do well in changing your counsel, nor is there anyone to agree with you; but even as you resolved to do during the day, go on that path."

Notes

  1. 7.12.1οὐ πρῆγμα εἶναι — The noun "πρῆγμα" is used here in an Ionic sense meaning "advantageous thing" or "profit." Accompanied by the infinitive "εἶναι" and the dative "οἱ" (dative of advantage), it forms an impersonal expression meaning "it is not to one's advantage to..."
  2. 7.12.1δεδογμένων δέ οἱ αὖτις τούτων — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the perfect passive participle "δεδογμένων" and the neuter demonstrative pronoun "τούτων". The pronoun "οἱ" is the dative of agent with the passive verb ("by him"), meaning "when these things had been resolved by him anew."
  3. 7.12.1ἐδόκεε ὁ Ξέρξης ἄνδρα οἱ ἐπιστάντα μέγαν τε καὶ εὐειδέα εἰπεῖν — The verb "ἐδόκεε" is used in a personal construction with "ὁ Ξέρξης" as the subject. It governs an accusative-and-infinitive clause "ἄνδρα... εἰπεῖν" (accusative subject "ἄνδρα" and infinitive "εἰπεῖν"), meaning "Xerxes seemed to [perceive] a man standing over him and speaking."
  4. 7.12.2μετὰ δὴ βουλεύεαι — The preposition "μετά" is used here adverbially to mean "afterwards" or "now." The verb "βουλεύεαι" is the second-person singular present middle indicative in the Ionic dialect, corresponding to Attic βουλεύῃ or βουλεύει.
  5. 7.12.2τῆς ἡμέρης — Genitive of time, meaning "during the day" or "by day" (corresponding to Attic ἡμέρας). It refers to the decision made during the daytime council in contrast to the nighttime dream.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §7.12.1-7.12.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.12.1-7.12.2

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