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Herodotus · Histories §5.20.1-5.20.5

Disguised Youths Slaying of the Persian Envoys

Passage 789 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Alexander, under the pretext of providing women to the Persians, sent young beardless men disguised as women to the banquet, who then killed all the Persians when they attempted to touch them.

§5.20.1ὡς δὲ ὁ Ἀμύντης χρηίσας τούτων οἰχώκεε, λέγει ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας γυναικῶν τουτέων, ὦ ξεῖνοι, ἔστι ὑμῖν πολλὴ εὐπετείη, καὶ εἰ πάσῃσι βούλεσθε μίσγεσθαι καὶ ὁκόσῃσι ὦν αὐτέων.
When Amyntas had departed after having requested these things, Alexander said to the Persians: "Guests, you have great freedom concerning these women, both if you wish to associate with all of them, or with as many of them as you please.
§5.20.2τούτου μὲν πέρι αὐτοὶ ἀποσημανέετε·
Concerning this, you will indicate your pleasure yourselves.
νῦν δέ, σχεδὸν γὰρ ἤδη τῆς κοίτης ὥρη προσέρχεται ὑμῖν καὶ καλῶς ἔχοντας ὑμέας ὁρῶ μέθης, γυναῖκας ταύτας, εἰ ὑμῖν φίλον ἐστί, ἄπετε λούσασθαι, λουσαμένας δὲ ὀπίσω προσδέκεσθε. §5.20.3εἴπας ταῦτα, συνέπαινοι γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ Πέρσαι, γυναῖκας μὲν ἐξελθούσας ἀπέπεμπε ἐς τὴν γυναικηίην, αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἴσους τῇσι γυναιξὶ ἀριθμὸν ἄνδρας λειογενείους τῇ τῶν γυναικῶν ἐσθῆτι σκευάσας καὶ ἐγχειρίδια δοὺς ἦγε ἔσω, παράγων δὲ τούτους ἔλεγε τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι τάδε. §5.20.4ὦ Πέρσαι, οἴκατε πανδαισίῃ τελέῃ ἱστιῆσθαι· τά τε γὰρ ἄλλα ὅσα εἴχομεν, καὶ πρὸς τὰ οἷά τε ἦν ἐξευρόντας παρέχειν, πάντα ὑμῖν πάρεστι, καὶ δὴ καὶ τόδε τὸ πάντων μέγιστον, τάς τε ἑωυτῶν μητέρας καὶ τὰς ἀδελφεὰς ἐπιδαψιλευόμεθα ὑμῖν, ὡς παντελέως μάθητε τιμώμενοι πρὸς ἡμέων τῶν περ ἐστὲ ἄξιοι, πρὸς δὲ καὶ βασιλέι τῷ πέμψαντι ἀπαγγείλητε ὡς ἀνὴρ Ἕλλην Μακεδόνων ὕπαρχος εὖ ὑμέας ἐδέξατο καὶ τραπέζῃ καὶ κοίτῃ. §5.20.5ταῦτα εἴπας ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος παρίζει Πέρσῃ ἀνδρὶ ἄνδρα Μακεδόνα ὡς γυναῖκα τῷ λόγῳ· οἳ δέ, ἐπείτε σφέων οἱ Πέρσαι ψαύειν ἐπειρῶντο, διεργάζοντο αὐτούς.
But now, for already the hour of sleep is approaching for you, and I see that you are well off for wine, let these women go, if it is pleasing to you, to bathe, and when they have bathed, receive them back." Having said this—for the Persians agreed—he sent away the women who had come out into the women's quarters, while Alexander himself, having dressed a number of beardless men equal to the women in the clothing of women and having given them daggers, led them inside, and presenting them, he said to the Persians these words: "Persians, you seem to be entertained with a complete feast; for all the other things we had, and besides, whatever we were able to find and provide, are all present for you, and indeed especially this, the greatest of all, we offer you our own mothers and sisters in abundance, so that you may fully know that you are honored by us with the treatment you deserve, and moreover, that you may report to the king who sent you that a Greek man, the ruler of the Macedonians, received you well both at table and in bed." Having said this, Alexander seated beside each Persian man a Macedonian man as if a woman in word; and they, when the Persians attempted to touch them, dispatched them.

Notes

  1. 5.20.2καλῶς ἔχοντας ὑμέας ὁρῶ μέθης — The construction of intransitive ἔχω with an adverb and a genitive means "to be in a certain state with respect to something." Here, with the genitive μέθης (drunkenness), it means "to be well off for wine" or "to be highly intoxicated."
  2. 5.20.2ἄπετε — A contracted Ionic form of ἀπίετε, the second-person plural present imperative of ἀπίημι (corresponding to Attic ἀφίημι, "to let go, dismiss"). Here it means "let them go" to bathe.
  3. 5.20.5τῷ λόγῳ — A dative expression meaning "in word" or "nominally," often contrasted with "in deed" or "actually" (τῷ ἔργῳ). Here it indicates that the Macedonian men, who were actually male, were seated beside the Persians under the pretext of being women.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §5.20.1-5.20.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.20.1-5.20.5

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