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Herodotus · Histories §1.141.1-1.141.4

Cyrus's Fable to the Ionians and Their Defence

Passage 141 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Cyrus responds to the late submission of the Ionians and Aeolians with a fable about a flute-player and fish, criticizing their opportunistic attitude. Consequently, the Ionians fortify their cities and resolve to seek assistance from Sparta.

§1.141.1Ἴωνες δὲ καὶ Αἰολέες, ὡς οἱ Λυδοὶ τάχιστα κατεστράφατο ὑπὸ Περσέων, ἔπεμπον ἀγγέλους ἐς Σάρδις παρὰ Κῦρον, ἐθέλοντες ἐπὶ τοῖσι αὐτοῖσι εἶναι τοῖσι καὶ Κροίσῳ ἦσαν κατήκοοι.
As soon as the Lydians had been conquered by the Persians, the Ionians and Aeolians sent messengers to Sardis to Cyrus, wishing to be subject to him on the same terms as they had been to Croesus.
ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας αὐτῶν τὰ προΐσχοντο ἔλεξέ σφι λόγον, ἄνδρα φὰς αὐλητὴν ἰδόντα ἰχθῦς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ αὐλέειν, δοκέοντα σφέας ἐξελεύσεσθαι ἐς γῆν· §1.141.2ὡς δὲ ψευσθῆναι τῆς ἐλπίδος, λαβεῖν ἀμφίβληστρον καὶ περιβαλεῖν τε πλῆθος πολλὸν τῶν ἰχθύων καὶ ἐξειρύσαι, ἰδόντα δὲ παλλομένους εἰπεῖν ἄρα αὐτὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἰχθῦς παύεσθέ μοι ὀρχεόμενοι, ἐπεῖ οὐδʼ ἐμέο αὐλέοντος ἠθέλετε ἐκβαίνειν ὀρχεόμενοι. §1.141.3Κῦρος μὲν τοῦτον τὸν λόγον τοῖσι Ἴωσι καὶ τοῖσι Αἰολεῦσι τῶνδε εἵνεκα ἔλεξε, ὅτι δὴ οἱ Ἴωνες πρότερον αὐτοῦ Κύρου δεηθέντος διʼ ἀγγέλων ἀπίστασθαι σφέας ἀπὸ Κροίσου οὐκ ἐπείθοντο, τότε δὲ κατεργασμένων τῶν πρηγμάτων ἦσαν ἕτοιμοι πείθεσθαι Κύρῳ.
But when he heard what they proposed, he spoke to them a fable, saying that a certain flute-player, seeing fish in the sea, played his flute, thinking that they would come out onto the land; but when he was disappointed in his hope, he took a casting-net, enclosed a great multitude of fish, and drew them out; and seeing them gasping and leaping, he said to the fish: "Cease dancing for me, since you would not come out dancing when I was playing the flute." Cyrus spoke this fable to the Ionians and Aeolians for this reason, because previously, when Cyrus himself had requested them through messengers to revolt from Croesus, the Ionians would not obey, but now, when the matter was finished, they were ready to obey Cyrus.
§1.141.4ὃ μὲν δὴ ὀργῇ ἐχόμενος ἔλεγέ σφι τάδε· Ἴωνες δὲ ὡς ἤκουσαν τούτων ἀνενειχθέντων ἐς τὰς πόλιας, τείχεά τε περιεβάλοντο ἕκαστοι καὶ συνελέγοντο ἐς Πανιώνιον οἱ ἄλλοι, πλὴν Μιλησίων· πρὸς μούνους γὰρ τούτους ὅρκιον Κῦρος ἐποιήσατο ἐπʼ οἷσί περ ὁ Λυδός.
He, then, being possessed by anger, spoke thus to them; and the Ionians, when they heard these things reported back to their cities, built walls around their cities, each of them, and the others, except the Milesians, gathered together at the Panionium; for with these alone Cyrus had made a treaty on the same terms as the Lydian king had.
τοῖσι δὲ λοιποῖσι Ἴωσι ἔδοξε κοινῷ λόγῳ πέμπειν ἀγγέλους ἐς Σπάρτην δεησομένους Ἴωσι τιμωρέειν.
And to the remaining Ionians it seemed good by common agreement to send messengers to Sparta to ask them to aid the Ionians.

Notes

  1. 1.141.1κατεστράφατο — The Ionic third-person plural pluperfect passive form, equivalent to the Attic κατεστραμμένοι ἦσαν. The ending -ατο occurs after consonant stems.
  2. 1.141.1ἐπὶ τοῖσι αὐτοῖσι εἶναι τοῖσι καὶ Κροίσῳ ἦσαν κατήκοοι — The second τοῖσι is a relative pronoun equivalent to οἷς, agreeing with the antecedent τοῖσι αὐτοῖσι ("on the same terms"). The conjunction καὶ here means "as," making the clause mean "on the same terms as those on which they had been subject to Croesus."
  3. 1.141.2ὡς δὲ ψευσθῆναι — Because this is set within the framework of indirect speech (reporting the fable), the verb in the subordinate clause (the ὡς clause) is put in the infinitive (ψευσθῆναι) instead of the indicative (ἐψεύσθη). This construction is common in Herodotus to maintain the narrative of reported speech.
  4. 1.141.2παύεσθέ μοι ὀρχεόμενοι — The pronoun μοι is an ethical dative (or dative of disadvantage), indicating the speaker's personal interest or emotion. The participle ὀρχεόμενοι is a supplementary participle with the verb παύομαι ("to cease").

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.141.1-1.141.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.141.1-1.141.4

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