Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §1.140.1-1.140.3

Persian Funeral Practices and the Customs of the Magi

Passage 140 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The author discusses the secret Persian custom of exposing corpses to birds or dogs, contrasts the Magi with Egyptian priests regarding their unique practice of killing various small creatures, and returns to his main narrative.

§1.140.1ταῦτα μὲν ἀτρεκέως ἔχω περὶ αὐτῶν εἰδὼς εἰπεῖν· τάδε μέντοι ὡς κρυπτόμενα λέγεται καὶ οὐ σαφηνέως περὶ τοῦ ἀποθανόντος, ὡς οὐ πρότερον θάπτεται ἀνδρὸς Πέρσεω ὁ νέκυς πρὶν ἂν ὑπʼ ὄρνιθος ἢ κυνὸς ἑλκυσθῇ.
These things I am able to say with certain knowledge about them; but the following is spoken of as a secret and not clearly concerning the dead, namely that the corpse of a Persian man is not buried before it has been dragged by a bird or a dog.
§1.140.2Μάγους μὲν γὰρ ἀτρεκέως οἶδα ταῦτα ποιέοντας· ἐμφανέως γὰρ δὴ ποιεῦσι.
For I know for certain that the Magi do this; for they do it openly.
κατακηρώσαντες δὲ ὦν τὸν νέκυν Πέρσαι γῇ κρύπτουσι.
But the Persians cover the corpse with wax and then bury it in the earth.
Μάγοι δὲ κεχωρίδαται πολλὸν τῶν τε ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἱρέων.
The Magi, however, differ greatly both from other men and from the priests in Egypt.
§1.140.3οἳ μὲν γὰρ ἁγνεύουσι ἔμψυχον μηδὲν κτείνειν, εἰ μὴ ὅσα θύουσι· οἱ δὲ δὴ Μάγοι αὐτοχειρίῃ πάντα πλὴν κυνὸς καὶ ἀνθρώπου κτείνουσι, καὶ ἀγώνισμα μέγα τοῦτο ποιεῦνται, κτείνοντες ὁμοίως μύρμηκάς τε καὶ ὄφις καὶ τἆλλα ἑρπετὰ καὶ πετεινά.
For the latter make it a matter of purity not to kill any living thing, except what they sacrifice; whereas the Magi kill with their own hands all things except a dog and a man, and they make this a great achievement, killing alike ants and snakes and other creeping and winged things.
καὶ ἀμφὶ μὲν τῷ νόμῳ τούτῳ ἐχέτω ὡς καὶ ἀρχὴν ἐνομίσθη, ἄνειμι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν πρότερον λόγον.
Now concerning this custom, let it be as it was originally ordained, and I shall return to my former narrative.

Notes

  1. 1.140.1ἔχω ... εἰδὼς εἰπεῖν — The verb `ἔχω` governs the infinitive `εἰπεῖν` to express capability ('to be able to say'), while the participle `εἰδώς` acts adverbially to modify the statement ('with certain knowledge'). The participle is not the direct complement of `ἔχω`.
  2. 1.140.1πρὶν ἂν ... ἑλκυσθῇ — Due to the negation (`οὐ`) in the main clause, `πρὶν ἄν` with the subjunctive (`ἑλκυσθῇ`, aorist passive subjunctive of `ἑλκύω`) is used to express 'not... until'.
  3. 1.140.2κεχωρίδαται — Third-person plural perfect passive of the verb `χωρίζω`. It exhibits the characteristic Ionic ending `-αται` instead of the standard Attic `-νται` used for consonant-stem perfects.
  4. 1.140.3ἐχέτω — Third-person singular imperative of `ἔχω`. Here it is used intransitively and impersonally, forming the idiomatic expression `ἀμφὶ... ἐχέτω ὡς...` meaning 'concerning ..., let it be as ...' or 'let it stand as it is'.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.140.1-1.140.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.140.1-1.140.3

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