Humanitext Reader

Demosthenes · Letters §2.19-2.26

Circumstances of Exile and a Final Plea for Recall

Passage 5 of 14 · Greek

Summary

Demosthenes describes his exile in Troezen and the temple at Calauria, emphasizing his innocence and love for his homeland while begging the Athenians for a decree of reconciliation. He concludes by addressing his personal adversaries and requesting the citizens' collective support.

§2.19ᾗ μάλιστα μὲν οἱ θεοὶ καὶ τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς εὐνοίας ἕνεκα καὶ τῆς εἰς ἔμʼ εὐεργεσίας εὖνοι πάντες εἴησαν, εἶτα κἀγὼ σωθεὶς ὑφʼ ὑμῶν δυνηθείην ἀποδοῦναι χάριτας)· ἔν τε ταύτῃ τινῶν, ὡς ἐμοὶ χαριζομένων, ἐπιτιμᾶν ὑμῖν τι πειρωμένων τῇ κατʼ ἔμʼ ἀγνοίᾳ, ἐγὼ πᾶσαν εὐφημίαν, ὥσπερ ἐμοὶ προσῆκε, παρειχόμην· ἐξ ὧν καὶ μάλιστα νομίζω πάντας ἀγασθέντας μου δημοσίᾳ τιμῆσαι.
to which city may the gods, both for the sake of their goodwill toward you and their beneficence toward me, be entirely well-disposed, and further, may I, having been saved by you, be able to return my thanks); and in this city, when certain persons tried to rebuke you in some way because of their ignorance concerning me, as if they were doing me a favor, I maintained all fitting propriety, as was appropriate for me; from which, indeed, I think they all, especially admiring me, honored me publicly.
§2.20ὁρῶν δὲ τὴν μὲν εὔνοιαν τῶν ἀνδρῶν μεγάλην, τὴν δʼ εἰς τὸ παρὸν δύναμιν καταδεεστέραν, μετελθὼν εἰς τὸ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἱερὸν ἐν Καλαυρείᾳ κάθημαι, οὐ μόνον τῆς ἀσφαλείας ἕνεκα, ἣν διὰ τὸν θεὸν ἐλπίζω μοι ὑπάρχειν ʽοὐ γὰρ εὖ οἶδά γε· ἃ γὰρ ἐφʼ ἑτέροις ἐστὶν ὡς ἂν βούλωνται πρᾶξαι, λεπτὴν καὶ ἄδηλον ἔχει τῷ κινδυνεύοντι τὴν ἀσφάλειαν̓, ἀλλʼ ὅτι καὶ τὴν πατρίδʼ ἐντεῦθεν ἑκάστης ἡμέρας ἀφορῶ, εἰς ἣν τοσαύτην εὔνοιαν ἐμαυτῷ σύνοιδα, ὅσης παρʼ ὑμῶν εὔχομαι τυχεῖν.
But seeing that the goodwill of these men was great, while their power for the present was too deficient, I relocated to the temple of Poseidon in Calauria and sit there, not only for the sake of safety, which through the god I hope belongs to me (for I do not know for sure; since things that depend on others to do as they wish provide a slender and uncertain safety to the one in danger), but because from here I also look upon my homeland every day, toward which I am conscious of having as much goodwill in myself as I pray to obtain from you.
§2.21ὅπως οὖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μηκέτι πλείω χρόνον τοῖς παροῦσι κακοῖς συνέχωμαι, ψηφίσασθέ μοι ταῦθʼ ἃ καὶ ἄλλοις τισὶν ἤδη, ἵνα μήτʼ ἀνάξιον ὑμῶν μηδέν μοι συμβῇ, μήθʼ ἱκέτης ἑτέρων ἀναγκασθῶ γενέσθαι· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὑμῖν τοῦτο γένοιτʼ ἂν καλόν.
Therefore, men of Athens, so that I may no longer be held by my present ills for any longer time, vote for me these same things which you have already voted for certain others, so that nothing unworthy of you may happen to me, nor may I be forced to become a suppliant of others; for neither would this turn out to be honorable for you.
ἐπεὶ εἴ γέ μοι τὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἀδιάλλακτα ὑπάρχει, τεθνάναι μοι κρεῖττον ἦν.
For if indeed my relations with you remain irreconcilable, it would have been better for me to die.
§2.22εἰκότως δʼ ἄν μοι πιστεύοιτε ταύτην τὴν διάνοιαν ἔχειν καὶ μὴ νῦν μάτην θρασύνεσθαι· καὶ γὰρ ἐμαυτοῦ κυρίους ὑμᾶς ἐποίησα καὶ οὐκ ἔφυγον τὸν ἀγῶνα, ἵνα μήτε προδῶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν μήτʼ ἄκυρος ὑμῶν ἐμοῦ μηδεὶς γένηται, ἀλλʼ ὅ τι βούλοισθε, τοῦτο χρήσαισθε· παρʼ ὧν γὰρ ἁπάντων καλῶν κἀγαθῶν ἔτυχον, τούτους ᾠόμην δεῖν ἔχειν καὶ ἁμαρτεῖν, εἰ βούλοιντο, εἰς ἐμέ.
And you would reasonably believe that I hold this mind and am not now emboldened in vain; for I made you masters of myself and did not flee the trial, so that I might neither betray the truth nor might any of you lose authority over me, but rather that you might use me in whatever way you wished; for I thought that those from all of whom I received beautiful and good things ought to have the right even to err against me, if they wished.
§2.23ἐπειδὴ δὲ καλῶς ποιοῦσʼ ἡ δικαία τύχη τῆς ἀδίκου κρατήσασα δὶς περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀπέδωκεν ὑμῖν βουλεύσασθαι τῷ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον ἐψηφίσθαι περὶ ἐμοῦ, σῴσατέ μʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ψηφίσασθε καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἄξια καὶ ἐμοῦ.
But since, fortunately, the just fortune, having prevailed over the unjust, has twice granted you to deliberate on the same matters by nothing irremediable having been voted concerning me, save me, men of Athens, and pass a vote worthy both of yourselves and of me.
§2.24ἐπʼ οὐδενὶ γὰρ τῶν πεπραγμένων ἠδικηκότα μʼ εὑρήσετε, οὐδʼ ἐπιτήδειον ἄτιμον εἶναι οὐδʼ ἀπολωλέναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὔνουν τῷ πλήθει τῷ ὑμετέρῳ τοῖς μάλισθʼ ὁμοίως, ἵνα μηδὲν ἐπίφθονον γράψω, καὶ πλεῖστα πεπραγματευμένον τῶν νυνὶ ζώντων ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, καὶ μέγισθʼ ὑπάρχοντά μοι κατʼ ἐμαυτὸν σύμβολʼ εὐνοίας πρὸς ὑμᾶς.
For you will find me to have done wrong in none of the things that have been done, nor to be fit to be disfranchised or to perish, but on the contrary, to be well-disposed toward your multitude as much as anyone, so that I may write nothing that invites envy, and to have labored most of those now living on your behalf, and to possess in myself the greatest tokens of goodwill toward you.
§2.25μηδεὶς δʼ ὑμῶν ἡγείσθω μʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μήτʼ ἀνανδρίᾳ μήτʼ ἄλλῃ προφάσει φαύλῃ μηδεμιᾷ παρʼ ὅλην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ὀδύρεσθαι.
And let no one of you think, men of Athens, that I am lamenting throughout the whole letter either because of unmanliness or any other base pretext.
ἀλλὰ τοῖς παροῦσιν ἕκαστος ἀφθόνως χρῆται, ἐμοὶ δὲ ταῦτα νῦν πάρεστιν, ὡς μήποτʼ ὤφελεν, λῦπαι καὶ δάκρυα καὶ τῆς πατρίδος καὶ ὑμῶν πόθος καὶ ὧν πέπονθα λογισμός, ἃ πάντα ποιεῖ μʼ ὀδύρεσθαι· ἃ ἐπισκοποῦντες δικαίως, ὡσ ἐν οὐδενὶ τῶν πεπολιτευμένων ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, οὔτε μαλακίαν οὔτʼ ἀνανδρίαν προσοῦσαν εὑρήσετέ μοι.
But while each person freely enjoys what is present to him, to me these things are now present, which I wish had never been: griefs, tears, a longing both for my homeland and for you, and a reckoning of what I have suffered, all of which make me lament; and if you examine these things justly, you will find neither weakness nor unmanliness belonging to me in any of my political actions on your behalf.
§2.26πρὸς μὲν δὴ πάντας ὑμᾶς τοσαῦτα· ἰδίᾳ δὲ τοῖς ἐμοὶ προσκρούουσιν ἐναντίον ὑμῶν βούλομαι διαλεχθῆναι.
To all of you, then, so many things; but in private, I wish to speak to those who clash with me in your presence.
ὅσα μὲν γὰρ τοῖς ὑφʼ ὑμῶν ἀγνοηθεῖσιν ὑπηρετοῦντες ἐποίουν, ἔστω διʼ ὑμᾶς αὐτοῖς πεπρᾶχθαι, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐγκαλῶ.
For as for all the things they did while serving those matters of which you were ignorant, let it be that these were done by them for your sake, and I make no complaint.
ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἐγνώκαθʼ ὑμεῖς οἷα ταῦτʼ ἐστίν, ἐὰν μέν, ὥσπερ ὑπὲρ τῶν λοιπῶν ἐῶσι, καὶ ἐμοὶ συγχωρήσωσι, καλῶς ποιήσουσιν· ἐὰν δʼ ἐπηρεάζειν ἐγχειρῶσιν, ὑμᾶς ἀξιῶ μοι βοηθεῖν ἅπαντας, καὶ μὴ κυριωτέραν τὴν τούτων ἔχθραν τῆς παρʼ ὑμῶν χάριτός μοι γενέσθαι.
But since you have come to know what sort of things these are, if indeed, as they do regarding other matters, they let me be and make concession to me, they will do well; but if they attempt to harass me, I ask you all to help me, and not to let their enmity become more powerful for me than your gratitude.
εὐτυχεῖτε.
Farewell.

Notes

  1. §2.19 — Relative pronoun in the dative feminine singular, with its antecedent being the preceding `ἡ Τροζηνίων` (the city of the Troezenians). The following verbs `εἴησαν` and `δυνηθείην` are optatives of wish, making the entire relative clause function as a prayer for the city and the speaker himself.
  2. §2.21τεθνάναι μοι κρεῖττον ἦν — The impersonal expression `κρεῖττον ἦν` without the particle `ἄν` is an idiomatic construction expressing an unrealized or impossible past or present potential ('it would have been better'). Here, it emphasizes the speaker's deep grief, implying that if reconciliation with Athens is impossible, it would have been better for him to have already died.
  3. §2.22ἁμαρτεῖν — The infinitive `ἁμαρτεῖν` functions as the complement of `δεῖν ἔχειν` (ought to have the right). Here it means 'to err against me' (by passing an unjust judgment), expressing the author's patriotic submission that the citizens from whom he received all benefits should hold the right of decision over him, even if they make a mistake.
  4. §2.25ὡς μήποτʼ ὤφελεν — The aorist third-person singular `ὤφελεν` of `ὀφείλω` with `ὡς` expresses an unattainable (or unfulfilled) wish in the present or past. It functions parenthetically to mean 'which I wish had never been' (but unfortunately are present), emphasizing the severity of the following `λῦπαι καὶ δάκρυα` (griefs and tears).

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Letters §2.19-2.26. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg063.humanitext-grc2:2.19-2.26

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