Humanitext Reader

Demosthenes · Letters §2.10-2.18

Defense against Python and a Plea for Reconciliation

Passage 4 of 14 · Greek

Summary

Demosthenes highlights his past achievements, such as his defense against Python and his financial contributions to the state. Lamenting his current unjust plight, he asserts his innocence regarding the Harpalus affair and pleads for reconciliation.

§2.10εἰδεῖεν δʼ ἂν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, καὶ λέγειν τοῖς νεωτέροις ἐστὲ δίκαιοι τὴν πρὸς Πύθωνα τὸν Βυζάντιον ἐκκλησίαν, ὅτε τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἦλθε πρέσβεις ἔχων ὡς ἀδικοῦσαν δείξων τὴν πόλιν, ἀπῆλθε δὲ τἀναντία τούτων παθών, μόνου τῶν τότε ῥητόρων ἐξετάσαντος ἐμοῦ τὰ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν δίκαια.
The older men would know this, and you are justified in telling the younger men about the assembly against Python of Byzantium, when he came with the ambassadors from the Greeks to show that our city was in the wrong, but departed having suffered the opposite of these things, since I alone of the orators of that time proved the justice of your cause.
καὶ ἐῶ πρεσβείας ὅσας ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐπρέσβευσα, ἐν αἷς οὐδὲν ἠλαττώθητε πώποτʼ οὐδὲ καθʼ ἕν.
And I pass over all the embassies on which I served as ambassador on your behalf, in which you were never disadvantaged in even a single point.
§2.11ἐπολιτευόμην γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐχ ὅπως ἀλλήλων ὑμεῖς περιγενήσεσθε σκοπῶν, οὐδʼ ἐφʼ ἑαυτὴν ἀκονῶν τὴν πόλιν, ἀλλʼ ἀφʼ ὧν δόξαν καὶ μεγαλοψυχίαν ὑμῖν ὑπάρξειν ἐνόμιζον.
For I conducted public affairs, men of Athens, not with a view to how you might get the better of one another, nor sharpening the city against itself, but based on those things by which I believed that glory and greatness of soul would belong to you.
ἐφʼ οἷς ἅπασι μέν, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς νέοις, ἄγασθαι προσήκει, καὶ σκοπεῖν μὴ μόνον τὸν διακονήσοντα πρὸς χάριν πάντʼ ἐν τῇ πολιτείᾳ ʽτούτου μὲν γὰρ οὐδέποτʼ ἔστʼ ἀπορῆσαἰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἐπʼ εὐνοίᾳ περὶ ὧν ἂν ἀγνοῆτʼ ἐπιτιμήσοντα.
For all of which it is fitting that everyone, and especially the young, should admire me, and look not only for the man who will minister in all things to please in public life ("for of this sort of person there will never be a lack"), but also for the one who out of goodwill will rebuke you in matters where you may be ignorant.
§2.12ἔτι τοίνυν παραλείπω πολλά, ἐφʼ οἷς ἕτερος καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο χρήσιμος γεγονὼς δικαίως ἂν ἠξίου τυγχάνειν σωτηρίας, χορηγίας καὶ τριηραρχίας καὶ χρημάτων ἐπιδόσεις ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς καιροῖς· ἐν οἷς ἐγὼ φανήσομαι οὐ μόνον αὐτὸς ἐξητασμένος πρῶτος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους παρακεκληκώς.
Furthermore, I pass over many things, on account of which another man, even if he had been useful in nothing else, would justly claim to obtain deliverance: choregies, trierarchies, and contributions of money on all critical occasions; in which I shall be shown not only to have been myself among the first to perform my duty, but also to have exhorted others.
ὧν ἕκαστον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, λογίσασθε, ὡς ἀνάξιόν ἐστι τῆς περιεστηκυίας νῦν ἐμοὶ συμφορᾶς.
Consider each of these things, men of Athens, how unworthy it is of the misfortune that has now encompassed me.
§2.13ἀφθόνων δʼ ὄντων, ἀπορῶ τί πρῶτον ὀδύρωμαι τῶν παρόντων κακῶν.
Since they are abundant, I am at a loss as to what of my present ills I should lament first.
πότερον τὴν ἡλικίαν ἐν ᾗ φυγῆς ἐπικινδύνου πειρᾶσθαι παρʼ ἔθος καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἀναγκάζομαι;
Is it my age, at which I am forced to experience a perilous exile, contrary to custom and contrary to my desert?
ἢ τὴν αἰσχύνην ἐφʼ ᾗ κατʼ οὐδένʼ ἔλεγχον οὐδʼ ἀπόδειξιν ἁλοὺς ἀπόλωλα;
Or the shame, on account of which, having been convicted without any examination or proof, I am ruined?
ἢ τὰς ἐλπίδας ὧν διαμαρτών, ὧν ἑτέροις προσῆκε κεκληρονόμηκα κακῶν;
Or my hopes, having failed of which, I have inherited evils that belonged to others?
§2.14οὔτʼ ἐφʼ οἷς ἐπολιτεύθην πρότερον δίκην ὀφείλων δοῦναι, οὔτε τῶν ἐφʼ οἷς ἐκρινόμην ἐξελεγχθέντων· οὔτε γὰρ ἔγωγε τῶν Ἁρπάλου φίλων φανήσομαι γεγονώς, τῶν τε γραφέντων περὶ Ἁρπάλου μόνα τὰ ἐμοὶ πεπραγμένʼ ἀνέγκλητον πεποίηκε τὴν πόλιν.
Neither owing any penalty for my former political actions, nor having been convicted of the charges on which I was being tried; for I shall certainly not be shown to have been one of Harpalus' friends, and of all the things written about Harpalus, my actions alone have made the city free from blame.
ἐξ ὧν πάντων δῆλόν ἐστιν ὅτι καιρῷ τινὶ ληφθεὶς καὶ οὐκ ἀδικήματι, τῇ πρὸς ἅπαντας τοὺς ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις ὀργῇ περιπέπτωκʼ ἀδίκως τῇ πρῶτος εἰσιέναι.
From all of which it is clear that, having been caught by a certain circumstance and not by a wrongdoing, I have unjustly fallen victim to the anger directed against all those who are under accusation, because of being the first to enter trial.
§2.15ἐπεὶ τί τῶν δικαίων οὐκ εἶπον ἐγὼ τῶν σεσῳκότων τοὺς ὕστερον κρινομένους;
For what of the just arguments did I not speak, which saved those who were tried later?
ἢ τίνʼ ἔλεγχον εἶπεν ἡ βουλὴ κατʼ ἐμοῦ;
Or what proof did the Council state against me?
ἢ τίνα νῦν ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοι;
Or what proof could it state now?
οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν οὐδείς· τὰ γὰρ μὴ γενόμενʼ οὐκ ἔστι ποιῆσαι γεγενῆσθαι.
For there is none; for it is impossible to make things that did not happen to have happened.
ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων παύομαι, πόλλʼ ἂν γράφειν ἔχων· τὸ γὰρ μηδὲν ἐμαυτῷ συνειδέναι πεῖράν μοι δέδωκεν εἰς μὲν ὠφέλειαν ἀσθενὲς ὄν, εἰς δὲ τὸ μᾶλλον λυπεῖσθαι πάντων ὀδυνηρότατον.
But on these matters I shall stop, though I would have much to write; for to be conscious of no wrongdoing has given me an experience which, while weak for assistance, is of all things the most painful for causing greater grief.
§2.16ἐπειδὴ δὲ καλῶς ποιοῦντες πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις διήλλαχθε, κἀμοὶ διαλλάγητʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι· οὔτε γὰρ ἠδίκηχʼ ὑμᾶς οὐδέν, ὡς ἴστωσαν οἱ θεοὶ καὶ ἥρωες (μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι πᾶς ὁ πρόσθεν παρεληλυθὼς χρόνος, ὃς δικαιότερον ἂν πιστεύοιθʼ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν τῆς ἀνελέγκτου νῦν ἐπενεχθείσης αἰτίας), οὔτʼ ἐγὼ χείριστος οὐδʼ ἀπιστότατος φανήσομαι τῶν διαβληθέντων.
And since you have fortunately been reconciled with all those under accusation, be reconciled with me also, men of Athens; for I have done you no wrong, as the gods and heroes know (and all the past time bears witness to me, which would more justly be believed by you than the unproven charge now brought against me), nor shall I be shown to be the worst or the most untrustworthy of those who have been slandered.
§2.17καὶ μὴν τό γʼ ἀπελθεῖν οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως ὀργὴν πρός με ποιήσειεν· οὐ γὰρ ἀπεγνωκὼς ὑμᾶς οὐδʼ ἑτέρωσε βλέπων οὐδαμοῖ μετέστην, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον μὲν τοὔνειδος τῆς εἱρκτῆς χαλεπῶς τῷ λογισμῷ φέρων, εἶτα διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν οὐκ ἂν οἷός τʼ ὢν τῷ σώματι τὴν κακοπαθίαν ὑπενεγκεῖν.
And indeed, my departure would not reasonably cause anger against me; for I did not remove myself anywhere because I had despaired of you or was looking elsewhere, but first because I bore with difficulty in my mind the shame of imprisonment, and secondly because, on account of my age, I would not be physically able to endure the hardship.
ἔτι δʼ οὐδʼ ὑμᾶς ἐνόμιζον ἀβουλεῖν ἔξω με προπηλακισμοῦ γενέσθαι, ὃς οὐδὲν ὑμᾶς ὠφελῶν ἔμʼ ἀπώλλυεν.
Moreover, I did not think you would be so ill-advised as to wish me not to be out of reach of abuse, which, while doing you no good, was destroying me.
§2.18ἐπεὶ ὅτι γʼ ὑμῖν προσεῖχον τὸν νοῦν καὶ οὐδέσιν ἄλλοις, πόλλʼ ἂν ἴδοιτε σημεῖα.
For that I was directing my mind to you and to no others, you would see many proofs.
εἴς τε γὰρ πόλιν ἦλθον, οὐκ ἐν ᾗ μέγιστα πράξειν αὐτὸς ἔμελλον, ἀλλʼ εἰς ἣν καὶ τοὺς προγόνους ἐλθόντας ᾔδειν, ὅθʼ ὁ πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην κατελάμβανεν αὐτοὺς κίνδυνος, καὶ παρʼ ᾗ πλείστην εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσαν ὑμῖν ἠπιστάμην (ἔστι δʼ ἡ Τροζηνίων αὕτη,
For I went to a city, not where I myself was going to have the greatest influence, but into which I knew your ancestors also had gone, when the danger against the Persian overtook them, and in which I knew the greatest goodwill existed toward you—this is the city of the Troezenians,

Notes

  1. §2.10λέγειν τοῖς νεωτέροις ἐστὲ δίκαιοι — This is the personal construction of `δίκαιός εἰμι` + infinitive, meaning 'to be justified in doing' or 'to be bound in duty to do'. It is a personal equivalent of the impersonal `δίκαιόν ἐστι`. Here, in the second-person plural `ἐστέ`, it means 'you are justified in telling the younger men'.
  2. §2.11τούτου μὲν γὰρ οὐδέποτʼ ἔστʼ ἀπορῆσαι — `ἔστ’` is an elision of `ἔστι`. Accompanied by the infinitive `ἀπορῆσαι` (to be in want of, to lack), it functions either as an impersonal verb of possibility ('it is possible') or existence ('there is'), meaning 'for there will never be a lack of this kind of person'.
  3. §2.14τῇ πρῶτος εἰσιέναι — The feminine dative article `τῇ` is not a relative pronoun modifying the preceding noun `ὀργῇ`, but functions as a dative of cause with the articular infinitive `εἰσιέναι`, with the nominative `πρῶτος` serving as a predicate adjective: 'by/because of being the first to enter [trial]'.
  4. §2.15πόλλʼ ἂν γράφειν ἔχων — The particle `ἄν` combined with the participle `ἔχων` represents a potential optative (`πολλὰ ἂν ἔχοιμι`, 'I would have much [to write]') retained within the participial structure. Here it has a concessive force: 'although I would have much to write'.
  5. §2.17οὐκ ἂν οἷός τʼ ὢν — The participle `ὤν` of the expression `οἷός τέ εἰμι` (to be able to) is modified by the particle `ἄν`. It forms a causal participial clause with a potential or past contrary-to-fact nuance: 'since I would not have been physically able to endure'.

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Letters §2.10-2.18. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg063.humanitext-grc2:2.10-2.18

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