§9ὅτι μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ὀρθῶν ἐπιλογισμῶν εἰς εὐσταθῆ διάθεσιν τελευτώντων ἢρτηται τὸ μακάριον, αἱ δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης τροπαὶ μεγάλας ἀποκλίσεις οὐ ποιοῦσιν οὐδʼ ἐπιφέρουσι συγχυτικὰς ὀλισθήσεις τοῦ βίου, πολλάκις ἀκήκοας.
For you have often heard that happiness depends upon right reasonings ending in a stable disposition, and that the turnings of fortune do not make great deflections nor bring about ruinous slips in life.
εἰ δὲ δεῖ καὶ ἡμᾶς, καθάπερ οἱ πολλοί, τοῖς ἔξωθεν κυβερνᾶσθαι πράγμασι καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῆς τύχης ἀπαριθμεῖν καὶ κριταῖς χρῆσθαι πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ἀνθρώποις, μὴ σκόπει τὰ νῦν δάκρυα καὶ τὰς ἐπιθρηνήσεις τῶν εἰσιόντων, ἔθει τινὶ φαύλῳ περαινομένας πρὸς ἕκαστον, ἀλλʼ ἐννόει μᾶλλον ὡς ζηλουμένη διατελεῖς; ὑπὸ τούτων ἐπὶ τέκνοις καὶ οἴκῳ καὶ βίῳ.
But if we too, like the multitude, must be guided by external things and count up the gifts of fortune, and use chance-comers as judges of our happiness, do not look at the present tears and wailings of those who enter, which are performed for each person according to some bad custom, but think rather how you continue to be envied by them for your children, your house, and your life.
καὶ δεινόν ἐστιν ἑτέρους μὲν ἡδέως ἂν ἑλέσθαι τὴν σὴν τύχην καὶ τούτου προσόντος ἐφʼ ᾧ νῦν ἀνιώμεθα, σὲ δʼ ἐγκαλεῖν καὶ δυσφορεῖν παρούσης, καὶ μηδʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ δάκνοντος αἰσθάνεσθαι πηλίκας ἔχει τὰ σῳζόμενα χάριτας ἡμῖν· ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ οἱ τοὺς ἀκεφάλους καὶ μειούρους Ὁμήρου στίχους ἐκλέγοντες τὰ δὲ πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα τῶν πεποιημένων ὑπέρευ παρορῶντες, οὕτως ἐξακριβοῦν καὶ συκοφαντεῖν τοῦ βίου τὰ φαῦλα, τοῖς δὲ χρηστοῖς ἀνάρθρως καὶ συγκεχυμένως ἐπιβάλλουσαν ὅμοιόν τι τοῖς ἀνελευθέροις καὶ φιλαργύροις πάσχειν, οἳ πολλὰ συνάγοντες οὐ χρῶνται παροῦσιν ἀλλὰ θρηνοῦσι καὶ δυσφοροῦσιν ἀπολομένων.
And it is a hard thing that while others would gladly choose your fortune even with this present grief over which we now sorrow, you should complain and be vexed with it present, and not even from this very sting perceive how great a grace the things preserved have for us; but just like those who pick out the headless and weak verses of Homer, overlooking the many great and excellent parts of his poems, so to scrutinize and slander the bad parts of life, while applying oneself to the good parts in an inarticulate and confused manner, is to suffer something similar to the illiberal and money-loving people, who, though gathering much, do not use what is present but lament and are vexed when something is lost.
εἰ δʼ ἐκείνης ἔχεις οἶκτον ἀγάμου καὶ ἄπαιδος οἰχομένης, αὖθις ἔχεις ἐπʼ ἄλλοις ἡδίω σεαυτὴν ποιεῖν, μηδενὸς τούτων ἀτελῆ μηδʼ ἄμοιρον γενομένην οὐ γάρ· ἐστι ταῦτα μεγάλα μὲν τοῖς στερομένοις ἀγαθὰ μικρὰ δὲ τοῖς ἔχουσιν.
But if you pity her for having departed unmarried and childless, you can on the other hand make yourself happier in other things, having been neither uninitiated nor without share in any of these; for these things are not great goods to those who are deprived, but small ones to those who possess them.
ἐκείνη δʼ εἰς τὸ ἄλυπον ἥκουσα λυπεῖν ἡμᾶς οὐ δεῖται· τί γὰρ ἡμῖν ἀπʼ ἐκείνης κακόν, εἰ μηδὲν ἐκείνῃ νῦν ἐστι λυπηρόν;
And she, having come to the place of no pain, does not need us to pain ourselves; for what evil is there to us from her, if nothing is now painful to her?
καὶ γὰρ αἱ τῶν μεγάλων στερήσεις ἀποβάλλουσι τὸ λυποῦν εἰς τὸ μὴ δεῖσθαι περιγενόμεναι.
For even the deprivations of great things cast off what is painful when they succeed in reaching the state of not needing them.
Τιμοξένα δʼ ἡ σὴ μικρῶν μὲν ἐστέρηται, μικρὰ γὰρ ἔγνω καὶ μικροῖς ἔχαιρε· ὧν δʼ οὔτʼ αἴσθησιν ἔσχεν οὔτʼ ἔλαβεν ἐπίνοιαν, πῶς ἂν στέρεσθαι λέγοιτο;
But your Timoxena has been deprived of small things, for she knew only small things and rejoiced in small things; and of what she had neither perception nor conception, how could she be said to be deprived?
§10καὶ μὴν ἃ τῶν ἄλλων ἀκούεις, οἳ πείθουσι πολλοὺς λέγοντες ὡς οὐδὲν οὐδαμῇ τῷ διαλυθέντι κακὸν οὐδὲ λυπηρόν ἐστιν, οἶδʼ ὅτι κωλύει σε πιστεύειν ὁ πάτριος λόγος καὶ τὰ μυστικὰ σύμβολα τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες.
And indeed, what you hear from others, who persuade many by saying that there is nothing evil or painful in any way to that which is dissolved, I know that you are prevented from believing by the ancestral doctrine and the mystic symbols of the orgies of Dionysus, which we who participate in them know together.
ὡς οὖν ἄφθαρτον οὖσαν τὴν ψυχὴν διανοοῦ ταὐτὸ ταῖς ἁλισκομέναις ὄρνισι πάσχειν· ἂν μὲν γὰρ πολὺν ἐντραφῇ τῷ σώματι χρόνον καὶ γένηται τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ τιθασὸς ὑπὸ πραγμάτων πολλῶν καὶ μακρᾶς συνηθείας, αὖθις καταίρουσα πάλιν ἐνδύεται καὶ οὐκ ἀνίησιν οὐδὲ λήγει τοῖς ἐνταῦθα συμπλεκομένη πάθεσι καὶ τύχαις διὰ τῶν γενέσεων.
Consider then that the soul, being imperishable, suffers the same as birds that are caught; for if it has been nurtured in the body for a long time and has become tame to this life by many affairs and long habit, it descends again and enters in, and does not let go nor cease, being entangled with the passions and fortunes here through its births.
μὴ γὰρ οἴου λοιδορεῖσθαι καὶ κακῶς ἀκούειν τὸ γῆρας διὰ τὴν ῥυσότητα καὶ τὴν πολιὰν καὶ τὴν ἀσθένειαν τοῦ σώματος· ἀλλὰ τοῦτʼ αὐτοῦ τὸ χαλεπώτατόν ἐστιν, ὅτι τὴν ψυχὴν ἕωλόν τε ποιεῖ ταῖς μνήμαις τῶν ἐκεῖ καὶ λιπαρῆ περὶ ταῦτα καὶ κάμπτει καὶ πιέζει, τὸν σχηματισμόν, ὃν ἔσχεν ὑπὸ τοῦ σώματος ἐν τῷ πεπονθέναι, διαφυλάττουσαν.
For do not think that old age is abused and ill spoken of because of wrinkles and gray hair and the weakness of the body; but this very thing is its most difficult part, that it makes the soul stale in its memories of things there and clinging to them, and bends and presses it, preserving the shape which it received from the body in its passive state.
ἡ δὲ ληφθεῖσα μὲν ὑπὸ κρειττόνων ἔχεται, καθάπερ ἐκ καμπῆς ὑγρᾶς καὶ μαλθακῆς ἀναχαιτίσασα πρὸς ὃ πέφυκεν.
But the soul that is taken young is held by better powers, as if starting back from a moist and soft bend to that for which it is by nature made.
ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ πῦρ, ἄν τις ἀποσβέσας εὐθὺς ἐξάπτῃ, πάλιν ἀναρριπίζεται καὶ ἀναλαμβάνει ταχέως
"ὅπως ὤκιστα πύλας Ἀίδαο περῆσαι"
πρὶν ἔρωτα πολὺν ἐγγενέσθαι τῶν αὐτόθι πραγμάτων καὶ μαλαχθῆναι πρὸς τὸ σῶμα καὶ συντακῆναι καθάπερ ὑπὸ φαρμάκων.
For just as fire, if one extinguishes it and immediately rekindles it, is again excited and recovers quickly, "so as to pass as swiftly as possible the gates of Hades," before a great love of the things here is engendered in it, and it is softened toward the body and melted as if by drugs.
§11τοῖς δὲ πατρίοις καὶ παλαιοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ νόμοις ἐμφαίνεται μᾶλλον ἡ περὶ τούτων ἀλήθεια.
And in the ancestral and ancient customs and laws, the truth about these things is rather made manifest.
τοῖς γὰρ αὑτῶν νηπίοις ἀποθανοῦσιν οὔτε χοὰς; ἐπιφέρουσιν, οὔτʼ ἄλλα δρῶσι περὶ αὐτὰ οἷʼ εἰκὸς ὑπὲρ θανόντων ποιεῖν τοὺς ἄλλους οὐ γὰρ μέτεστι γῆς; οὐδὲν οὐδὲ τῶν περὶ γῆν αὐτοῖς.
For to their own infants who die they neither bring libations, nor do they perform other things for them which the others are accustomed to do for the dead; for they have no share in the earth nor in earthly things.
οὐδʼ αὐτοῦ περὶ ταφὰς καὶ μνήματα καὶ προθέσεις νεκρῶν φιλοχωροῦσι καὶ παρακάθηνται τοῖς σώμασιν· οὐ γὰρ ἐῶσι θρηνεῖν οἱ νόμοι τοὺς τηλικούτους, ὡς οὐχ ὅσιον εἰς βελτίονα καὶ θειοτέραν μοῖραν ἅμα καὶ χώραν μεθεστηκότας·
Nor do they linger there about graves and monuments and exposures of the dead, nor do they sit by the bodies; for the laws do not allow people to mourn for those of such an age, as it is not holy since they have departed to a better and more divine portion and place.
ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ ἀπιστεῖν χαλεπώτερόν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἢ τὸ πιστεύειν, τὰ μὲν ἐκτὸς οὕτως ὡς οἱ νόμοι προστάττουσιν ἔχωμεν, τὰ δʼ ἐντὸς ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀμίαντα καὶ καθαρὰ καὶ σώφρονα.
And since to disbelieve is harder for them than to believe, let us keep our external affairs as the laws command, and our internal affairs still more undefiled, pure, and temperate.