§6ἐπεὶ δʼ οὐ μόνον ἐξ αὑτῶν τὰ κατασείοντα καὶ στρέφοντα πρὸς τοὐναντίον ὑπʼ ἀσθενείας ἐπιγίγνεται τοῖς, φιλοσοφοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ φίλων συμβουλαὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς καὶ διαφόρων ἀντιλήψεις ἐν γέλωτι καὶ παιδιᾷ γιγνόμεναι κάμπτουσι καὶ μαλάσσουσιν, ἐνίους δὲ καὶ τέλεον ἤδη φιλοσοφίας ἐξέσεισαν, οὐ φαῦλον ἄν τι προκοπῆς εἴη σημεῖον ἡ πρὸς ταῦτα πραότης ἑκάστου καὶ τὸ μὴ ταραττόμενον μηδὲ κνιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν λεγόντων καὶ ὀνομαζόντων ἥλικάς τινας ἐν αὐλαῖς βασιλέων εὐημεροῦντας ἢ φερνὰς ἐπὶ γάμοις λαμβάνοντας ἢ κατιόντας ὑπὸ πλήθους εἰς ἀγορὰν ἐπʼ ἀρχήν τινα ἢ συνηγορίαν.
Since, however, not only do there occur from within themselves, through weakness, things that shake and turn to the opposite those who practice philosophy, but also the serious advice of friends and the objections of opponents made in mockery and jest bend and soften them, and have already completely shaken some out of philosophy, it would be no small sign of progress for each one to possess gentleness toward these things, and not to be disturbed or vexed by those who speak of and name certain of their peers who are prospering in the courts of kings, or receiving dowries upon marriage, or going down to the marketplace for some office or advocacy, escorted by a multitude.
ὁ γὰρ ἀνέκπληκτος ἐν τούτοις καὶ ἄτεγκτος ἤδη δῆλός ἐστιν εἰλημμένος ἣν προσήκει λαβὴν ὑπὸ φιλοσοφίας.
For he who is unstartled and unyielding in these matters is already clearly held by the proper grasp of philosophy.
οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε παύσασθαι ζηλοῦντας ἅπερ οἱ πολλοὶ θαυμάζουσιν, οἷς ἂν μὴ τὸ θαυμάζειν ἀρετὴν ἐγγένηται.
For it is impossible for those in whom the admiration of virtue has not been engendered to stop envying the very things that the multitude admires.
πρὸς μὲν γὰρ ἀνθρώπους θρασύνεσθαι καὶ διʼ ὀργὴν ἐνίοις παρέστη καὶ διὰ παραφροσύνην· ὧν δὲ θαυμάζουσιν ἄνθρωποι πραγμάτων οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνευ φρονήματος ἀληθινοῦ καὶ βεβαίου καταφρονῆσαι.
For to behave boldly toward men has occurred to some even through anger and madness; but to despise those things that men admire is impossible without true and secure understanding.
διὸ καὶ ταῦτα παραβάλλοντες ἐκείνοις ἐπιγαυροῦσιν ἑαυτούς, ὥσπερ ὁ Σόλων
"
ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς αὐτοῖς οὐ διαμειψόμεθα
τῆς ἀρετῆς τὸν πλοῦτον, ἐπεὶ τὸ μὲν ἔμπεδον
αἰεί,
χρήματα δʼ ἀνθρώπων ἄλλοτε ἄλλος ἔχει
"
καὶ Διογένης τὴν εἰς Ἀθήνας ἐκ Κορίνθου καὶ πάλιν εἰς Κόρινθον ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν μετάβασιν ἑαυτοῦ παρέβαλλε ταῖς βασιλέως ἔαρος μὲν ἐν Σούσοις καὶ χειμῶνος ἐν Βαβυλῶνι, θέρους δʼ ἐν Μηδίᾳ διατριβαῖς.
Therefore, they also compare these things with those and pride themselves, just as Solon says: "But we will not exchange with them our virtue for wealth, since the former is always secure, but of human wealth, now one has it, now another." And Diogenes compared his own journeys from Corinth to Athens and back from Athens to Corinth with the king's seasonal stays in Susa in spring, in Babylon in winter, and in Media in summer.
καὶ Ἀγησίλαος περὶ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως
τί γὰρ ἐμοῦ μείζων ἐκεῖνος, εἰ μὴ καὶ δικαιότερος; ὁ δʼ Ἀριστοτέλης πρὸς Ἀντίπατρον περὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου γράφων ἔφη μὴ μόνον ἐκείνῳ προσήκειν ὅτι πολλῶν κρατεῖ μέγα φρονεῖν, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν ἧττον εἴ τις ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκει περὶ θεῶν.
And Agesilaus, concerning the Great King, said: "For in what is he greater than I, if he is not also more just?" And Aristotle, writing to Antipater concerning Alexander, said that it was not fitting for him alone to be proud because he rules over many, but no less so if someone has a right understanding about the gods.
ὁ δὲ Ζήνων ὁρῶν τὸν Θεόφραστον ἐπὶ τῷ πολλοὺς ἔχειν μαθητὰς θαυμαζόμενον,
ὁ κείνου μὲν χορός
ἔφη
μείζων, οὑμὸς δὲ συμφωνότερος §7ὅταν οὖν οὕτω τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς πρὸς τὰ ἐκτὸς ἀντιτιθεὶς ὑπεκχέῃς φθόνους καὶ ζηλοτυπίας καὶ τὰ κνίζοντα καὶ ταπεινοῦντα πολλοὺς τῶν ἀρχομένων φιλοσοφεῖν, μέγα· καὶ τοῦτο δήλωμα σεαυτῷ τοῦ προκόπτειν ποιεῖς.
And Zeno, seeing Theophrastus admired for having many disciples, said: "His chorus is indeed larger, but mine is more harmonious." When, therefore, by thus contrasting the things of virtue with external things, you pour out envies, jealousies, and the things that vex and humiliate many of those who begin to practice philosophy, it is a great thing; and you make this a demonstration to yourself of your progress.
οὐκ ἔστι δὲ μικρὸν οὐδʼ ἡ περὶ τοὺς λόγους μεταβολή.
Nor is the change concerning discourses a small thing.
πάντες γὰρ ὡς εἰπεῖν οἱ φιλοσοφεῖν ἀρχόμενοι τοὺς πρὸς δόξαν διώκουσι μᾶλλον, οἱ μὲν ὥσπερ ὄρνιθες ἐπὶ τὴν λαμπρότητα τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τὸ ὕψος ὑπὸ κουφότητος καὶ φιλοτιμίας καταίροντες, οἱ δʼ
ὥσπερ τὰ σκυλάκια
φησὶν ὁ Πλάτων
τῷ ἕλκειν καὶ σπαράττειν χαίροντες
ἐπὶ τὰς ἔριδας καὶ τὰς ἀπορίας χωροῦσι καὶ τὰ σοφίσματα, οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι τοῖς διαλεκτικοῖς ἐνδύντες εὐθὺς ἐπισιτίζονται πρὸς σοφιστείαν, ἔνιοι δὲ χρείας καὶ ἱστορίας ἀναλεγόμενοι περιίασιν, ὥσπερ Ἀνάχαρσις ἔλεγε τῷ νομίσματι τοὺς Ἕλληνας πρὸς οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ τὸ ἀριθμεῖν χρωμένους ὁρᾶν, οὕτω τοὺς λόγους παραριθμούμενοι καὶ παραμετροῦντες, ἄλλο δʼ οὐδὲν εἰς ὄνησιν αὑτῶν τιθέμενοι.
For almost all, so to speak, who begin to practice philosophy pursue those that tend toward reputation; some, like birds, descending through lightheadedness and ambition onto the brilliance and height of natural philosophy, and others, "just like puppies," says Plato, "rejoicing in pulling and tearing," go toward disputes, difficulties, and sophisms; and the majority, entering into dialectics, immediately provision themselves for sophistry; and some, collecting maxims and histories, go around, just as Anacharsis said he saw the Greeks using money for nothing other than counting, so these count and measure discourses, putting nothing else to their own benefit.
συμβαίνει δὴ τὸ τοῦ Ἀντιφάνους, ὅ τις εἶπεν ἐπὶ τῶν Πλάτωνος συνήθων, ὁ γὰρ Ἀντιφάνης ἔλεγε παίζων ἔν τινι πόλει τὰς φωνὰς εὐθὺς λεγομένας πήγνυσθαι διὰ ψῦχος, εἶθʼ ὕστερον ἀνιεμένων ἀκούειν θέρους ἃ τοῦ χειμῶνος διελέχθησαν οὕτω δὴ τῶν ὑπὸ Πλάτωνος ἔφη νέοις οὖσιν ἔτι λεχθέντων μόλις ὀψὲ τοὺς πολλοὺς αἰσθάνεσθαι γέροντας γενομένους.
Indeed, there happens what Antiphanes said concerning the associates of Plato; for Antiphanes said in jest that in a certain city words immediately froze as they were spoken because of the cold, and then later, when they thawed in summer, people heard what had been discussed in winter; so indeed, he said, of the things spoken by Plato to those who were still young, the majority barely perceive them late in life when they have become old men.
καὶ πρὸς ὅλην δὲ τοῦτο τὴν φιλοσοφίαν πεπόνθασιν, ἄχρι· οὗ κατάστασιν ἡ κρίσις λαβοῦσα τοῖς ἦθος ἐμποιοῦσι καὶ μέγεθος ἄρξηται συμφέρεσθαι καὶ ζητεῖν λόγους, ὧν κατὰ τὸν Αἴσωπον εἴσω μᾶλλον ἢ ἔξω τὰ ἴχνη τέτραπται.
And they experience this in relation to the whole of philosophy until their judgment, having attained a settled state, begins to agree with and seek those discourses that produce character and greatness, of which, according to Aesop, the tracks are turned inward rather than outward.
ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Σοφοκλῆς ἔλεγε τὸν Αἰσχύλου διαπεπαιχὼς ὄγκον εἶτα τὸ πικρὸν καὶ κατάτεχνον τῆς αὐτοῦ κατασκευῆς τρίτον ἤδη τὸ τῆς λέξεως μεταβάλλειν εἶδος, ὅπερ ἠθικώτατόν ἐστι καὶ βέλτιστον οὕτως οἱ φιλοσοφοῦντες, ὅταν ἐκ τῶν πανηγυρικῶν καὶ κατατέχνων εἰς τὸν ἁπτόμενον ἤθους καὶ πάθους λόγον μεταβῶσιν, ἄρχονται τὴν ἀληθῆ προκοπὴν προκόπτειν καὶ ἄτυφον.
For just as Sophocles said that, having played through the pomp of Aeschylus, and then the harshness and artificiality of his own composition, he was now in the third place changing the style of his diction, which is the most expressive of character and the best, so those who practice philosophy, when they change from panegyrical and artificial discourses to the discourse that touches character and passion, begin to make true and unpretentious progress.