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Plutarch · Life of Otho §15.1-15.6

Plea of the Loyal Soldiers and Otho's Resolve to Die

Passage 15 of 18 · Greek

Summary

While news of the defeat arrives, Otho's soldiers show extraordinary loyalty and urge him to continue the fight, but Otho, wishing to prevent further civil war and save his country, declares his resolve to die a noble death.

§15.1τῷ δὲ Ὄθωνι πρῶτον μὲν ἀσαφής, ὥσπερ εἴωθε περὶ τῶν τηλικούτων, προσέπεσε λόγος· ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ τετρωμένοι τινὲς ἧκον ἐκ τῆς μάχης ἀπαγγέλλοντες, τοὺς μὲν φίλους ἧττον ἄν τις ἐθαύμασεν οὐκ ἐῶντας ἀπαγορεύειν, ἀλλὰ θαρρεῖν παρακελευομένους, τὸ δὲ τῶν στρατιωτῶν πάθος ἅπασαν ὑπερέβαλε πίστιν.
To Otho, first an unclear rumor arrived, as is customary concerning such great events; but when some wounded men also arrived from the battle reporting the outcome, one would have wondered less at his friends, who did not allow him to despair but exhorted him to take courage; but the passion of the soldiers surpassed all belief.
ὡς οὐδεὶς ἀπῆλθεν, §15.2οὐδὲ μετέστη πρὸς τοὺς κρατοῦντας, οὐδʼ ὤφθη τὸ καθʼ αὑτὸν ζητῶν ἀπεγνωσμένου τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, πάντες δʼ ὁμαλῶς ἐπὶ θύρας ἦλθον, ἐκάλουν αὐτοκράτορα, προελθόντος ἐγίνοντο προστρόπαιοι, μετὰ βοῆς καὶ ἱκεσίας χειρῶν ἥπτοντο, προσέπιπτον, ἐδάκρυον, ἐδέοντο μὴ σφᾶς ἐγκαταλιπεῖν, μὴ προδοῦναι τοῖς πολεμίοις, ἀλλὰ χρῆσθαι μέχρι ἂν ἐμπνέωσι καὶ ψυχαῖς καὶ σώμασιν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ, ταῦτα ὁμοῦ πάντες ἱκέτευον.
For no one went away, nor went over to the victors, nor was seen seeking his own safety though their leader was in despair, but all alike came to his doors, called for the Emperor, and when he came forth, became his suppliants, touching his hands with shouting and entreaty, throwing themselves before him, weeping, and begging him not to abandon them, nor betray them to the enemy, but to use both their souls and bodies for his sake as long as they had breath; all together made these supplications.
§15.3εἷς δὲ τῶν ἀφανεστέρων ἀνατείνας τὸ ξίφος καὶ εἰπών, ἴσθι, Καῖσαρ, οὕτως ὑπὲρ σοῦ παρατεταγμένους ἅπαντας, ἀπέσφαξεν ἑαυτόν.
And one of the common soldiers, drawing his sword and saying, "Know, Caesar, that we are all thus arrayed in your behalf," slew himself.
ἀλλὰ τούτων οὐδὲν ἐπέκλασε τὸν Ὄθωνα, φαιδρῷ δὲ καὶ καθεστῶτι προσώπῳ πανταχόσε τὰς ὄψεις περιαγαγών, ταύτην, εἶπεν, ὦ συστρατιῶται, τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνης, ἐν ᾗ με πρῶτον ἐποιήσατε αὐτοκράτορα, μακαριωτέραν ἡγοῦμαι, τοιούτους ὁρῶν ὑμᾶς καὶ τηλικούτων ἀξιούμενος.
Yet none of these things broke the resolution of Otho; but with a cheerful and serene countenance, turning his eyes in all directions, he said: "This day, my fellow-soldiers, I consider more blessed than that on which you first made me Emperor, seeing you to be such men and being deemed worthy of such great devotion.
§15.4ἀλλὰ μὴ μείζονος ἀποστερεῖτε, τοῦ καλῶς ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὲρ τοσούτων καὶ τοιούτων πολιτῶν, εἰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίας ἄξιος γέγονα, δεῖ με τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ἀφειδεῖν.
But do not deprive me of a greater thing, to die nobly for so many and such noble citizens. If I have become worthy of the Roman empire, I must not spare my own life for the sake of my country.
οἶδα τὴν νίκην τοῖς ἐναντίοις οὔτε βεβαίαν οὔτε ἰσχυρὰν οὖσαν.
I know that the victory of our opponents is neither secure nor strong.
ἀπαγγέλλουσι τὴν ἐκ Μυσίας ἡμῶν δύναμιν οὐ πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἀπέχειν, ἤδη καταβαίνουσαν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀδρίαν.
They report that our forces from Moesia are not many days' journey away, already descending to the Adriatic.
§15.5Ἀσία καὶ Συρία καὶ Αἴγυπτος καὶ τὰ πολεμοῦντα Ἰουδαίοις στρατεύματα μεθʼ ἡμῶν, ἥ τε σύγκλητος παρʼ ἡμῖν καί τέκνα τῶν ἐναντίων καὶ γυναῖκες, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς Ἀννίβαν οὐδὲ Πύρρον οὐδὲ Κίμβρους ὁ πόλεμος ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἰταλίας, ἀλλὰ Ῥωμαίοις πολεμοῦντες ἀμφότεροι τὴν πατρίδα καὶ νικῶντες ἀδικοῦμεν καὶ νικώμενοι.
Asia and Syria and Egypt and the armies fighting against the Jews are with us, and the Senate is on our side, as well as the children and wives of our opponents. But our war is not against Hannibal, nor Pyrrhus, nor the Cimbri, for the sake of Italy; rather, since both sides are fighting Romans, we wrong our country whether we conquer or are conquered.
καὶ γὰρ τὸ ἀγαθὸν τοῦ κρατοῦντος ἐκείνῃ κακόν ἐστι.
For even the advantage of the victor is a disaster for her.
§15.6πιστεύσατε πολλάκις ὅτι δύναμαι κάλλιον ἀποθανεῖν ἢ ἄρχειν.
Believe me often that I can die more nobly than I can rule.
οὐ γὰρ ὁρῶ τί τηλικοῦτον Ῥωμαίοις ὄφελος ἔσομαι κρατήσας, ἡλίκον ἐπιδοὺς ἐμαυτὸν ὑπὲρ εἰρήνης καὶ ὁμονοίας, καὶ τοῦ μὴ πάλιν ἡμέραν τοιαύτην ἐπιδεῖν τὴν Ἰταλίαν.
For I do not see what so great benefit I shall be to the Romans by conquering, as by giving myself up for the sake of peace and concord, and that Italy may not again behold such a day."

Notes

  1. §15.1ἧττον ἄν τις ἐθαύμασεν — A past potential construction with ἄν + indicative past (ἐθαύμασεν), meaning "one would have wondered less." This forms the main clause that contrasts the attitude of the friends (τοὺς μὲν φίλους) with the extraordinary passion of the soldiers (τὸ δὲ τῶν στρατιωτῶν πάθος).
  2. §15.3ἴσθι ... παρατεταγμένους — The imperative ἴσθι (second person singular imperative of οἶδα, "to know") takes an accusative plus participle construction (παρατεταγμένους ἅπαντας) instead of a ὅτι-clause. This is a standard construction for verbs of knowing/perceiving, meaning "know that all are thus arrayed."
  3. §15.4τοῦ καλῶς ἀποθανεῖν — The verb ἀποστερεῖτε ("to deprive/rob") takes both a direct object in the accusative (the implied μεῖζον, "a greater thing") and a genitive of separation or deprivation (the infinitive phrase τοῦ καλῶς ἀποθανεῖν, "dying nobly").
  4. §15.6ἡλίκον — A relative pronoun correlating with the preceding correlative τί τηλικοῦτον ("what so great..."). The following participle clause ἐπιδοὺς ἐμαυτὸν... ("by giving myself up...") forms the core of the comparison, meaning "the benefit I would bring by conquering is not so great as that which I would bring by giving myself up."

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Otho §15.1-15.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg066.humanitext-grc2:15.1-15.6

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