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Plutarch · Life of Flamininus §7.1-7.4

Extension of Command and Standoff at Scotussa

Passage 7 of 21 · Greek

Summary

Titus sent negotiators to Rome to secure his command or negotiate peace, and upon receiving confirmation of his command, he immediately marched to Thessaly. The two armies faced each other near Scotussa, where Titus exhorted his men, but Philip delayed the battle due to an ill omen during his speech.

§7.1Φιλίππου δὲ πρέσβεις πέμψαντος εἰς Ῥώμην ἀπέστειλε καὶ ὁ Τίτος παρʼ αὑτοῦ τοὺς πράξοντας ὅπως ἐπιψηφίσηται ἡ σύγκλητος χρόνον αὐτῷ τοῦ πολέμου μένοντος, εἰ δὲ μή, διʼ ἐκείνου τὴν εἰρήνην γενέσθαι, φιλότιμος γὰρ ὧν ἰσχυρῶς ἐδεδίει πεμφθέντος ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον ἑτέρου στρατηγοῦ τὴν δόξαν ἀφαιρεθῆναι.
When Philip sent ambassadors to Rome, Titus also sent negotiators from his own side so that the senate might vote to grant him more time while the war continued, or if not, that peace might be made through him; for being ambitious, he strongly feared that if another general were sent to the war, he would be deprived of the glory.
§7.2διαπραξαμένων δὲ τῶν φίλων αὐτῷ μήτε τὸν Φίλιππον ὧν ἔχρῃζε τυχεῖν καὶ τοῦ πολέμου τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐκείνῳ φυλαχθῆναι, δεξάμενος τὸ δόγμα καὶ ταῖς ἐλπίσιν ἐπαρθείς εὐθὺς εἰς Θετταλίαν ἐπὶ τὸν Φιλίππου πόλεμον ὥρμησεν, ὑπὲρ ἑξακισχιλίους καὶ δισμυρίους ἔχων στρατιώτας, ὧν Αἰτωλοὶ πεζοὺς ἑξακισχιλίους καὶ ἱππεῖς τετρακοσίους παρεῖχον.
But when his friends managed to secure for him that Philip should not obtain what he desired and that the command of the war should be preserved for him, having received the decree and being elated with hope, he immediately set out for Thessaly for the war against Philip, having over twenty-six thousand soldiers, of whom the Aetolians supplied six thousand infantry and four hundred cavalry.
ἦν δὲ καὶ τοῦ Φιλίππου τὸ στράτευμα τῷ πλήθει παραπλήσιον.
The army of Philip was also very near to this in number.
§7.3ἐπεὶ δὲ βαδίζοντες ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους καὶ γενόμενοι περὶ τὴν Σκοτοῦσαν ἐνταῦθα διακινδυνεύειν ἔμελλον, οὐχ, ὅπερ εἰκὸς ἦν, πρὸς δέους ἔλαβον οἱ στρατοὶ τὴν ἀλλήλων γειτνίασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μᾶλλον ὁρμῆς καὶ φιλοτιμίας ἐπληροῦντο, Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν, εἰ Μακεδόνων κρατήσουσιν, ὧν ὄνομα διʼ Ἀλέξανδρον ἀλκῆς καὶ δυνάμεως πλεῖστον ἦν παρʼ αὐτοῖς, Μακεδόνες δὲ Ῥωμαίους Περσῶν ἡγούμενοι διαφέρειν ἤλπιζον, εἰ περιγένοιντο, λαμπρότερον ἀποδείξειν Ἀλεξάνδρου Φίλιππον.
And when, marching against each other and coming to the vicinity of Scotussa, they were about to hazard a battle there, the armies did not, as might have been expected, take the proximity of each other with fear, but were filled even more with eagerness and ambition: the Romans, if they should conquer the Macedonians, whose reputation for prowess and power was greatest among them because of Alexander; and the Macedonians, thinking that the Romans were superior to the Persians, hoped that if they prevailed, they would show Philip to be more illustrious than Alexander.
§7.4ὁ μὲν οὖν Τίτος παρεκάλει τοὺς στρατιώτας ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς γενέσθαι καὶ προθύμους, ὡς ἐν τῷ καλλίστῳ θεάτρῳ τῇ Ἑλλάδι μέλλοντας ἀγωνίζεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ἀρίστους τῶν ἀνταγωνιστῶν ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος, εἴτε ἀπὸ τύχης εἴτε ὑπὸ σπουδῆς παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἀγνοήσας, ἦν γάρ τι πολυάνδριον ὑψηλὸν ἔξω τοῦ χάρακος, ἐπὶ τοῦτο προβάς ἤρξατο μὲν, οἷα πρὸ μάχης φιλεῖ, διαλέγεσθαι καὶ παρορμᾶν, ἀθυμίας δὲ δεινῆς πρὸς τὸν οἰωνὸν ἐμπεσούσης διαταραχθεὶς ἐπέσχε τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην.
Titus, therefore, exhorted his soldiers to be brave and eager, as they were about to contend in Greece, the fairest of theaters, against the best of antagonists; while Philip, whether by chance or from haste, failing to realize the nature of the place at the critical moment—for there was a high mass grave outside the rampart—having gone up onto this, began, as is customary before a battle, to speak and exhort them, but when a terrible despondency fell upon them because of the omen, being disturbed, he held back for that day.

Notes

  1. 7.1τοὺς πράξοντας ὅπως ἐπιψηφίσηται ἡ σύγκλητος χρόνον αὐτῷ τοῦ πολέμου μένοντος, εἰ δὲ μή, διʼ ἐκείνου τὴν εἰρήνην γενέσθαι — The future participle `τοὺς πράξοντας` (expressing purpose) governs both the object clause `ὅπως ἐπιψηφίσηται...` (that the senate might vote...) and the accusative-with-infinitive construction `διʼ ἐκείνου τὴν εἰρήνην γενέσθαι` (that peace should be made through him) as two alternative goals of negotiation, connected by `εἰ δὲ μή` ("if not"). `τὴν εἰρήνην` is the subject of the infinitive `γενέσθαι`.
  2. 7.3Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν, εἰ Μακεδόνων κρατήσουσιν... Μακεδόνες δὲ... ἤλπιζον, εἰ περιγένοιντο... — The sentence structure is asymmetrical: the clause starting with `Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν` lacks a main verb and relies on the preceding `ὁρμῆς καὶ φιλοτιμίας ἐπληροῦντο` (were filled with eagerness and ambition) as its predicate (meaning they were filled with eagerness "if they should conquer..."), whereas the clause starting with `Μακεδόνες δὲ` introduces its own verb `ἤλπιζον` (hoped).
  3. 7.4ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος, εἴτε ἀπὸ τύχης εἴτε ὑπὸ σπουδῆς παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἀγνοήσας... ἐπὶ τοῦτο προβάς — The participle `ἀγνοήσας` is used intransitively to mean "failing to realize/notice" (the nature of the place). The explanatory parenthesis `ἦν γάρ τι πολυάνδριον...` (for there was a mass grave...) is inserted right after it, and the demonstrative `τοῦτο` in the subsequent phrase `ἐπὶ τοῦτο` (onto this) refers back to the `πολυάνδριον` mentioned in the parenthesis.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Flamininus §7.1-7.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg028.humanitext-grc2:7.1-7.4

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