§8.1τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ περὶ τὸν ὄρθρον, ἐκ μαλακῆς καὶ νοτίου νυκτὸς, εἰς ὁμίχλην τῶν νεφῶν τρεπομένων, ἀνεπίμπλατο ζόφου βαθέος πᾶν τὸ πεδίον, καὶ κατῄει παχὺς ἐκ τῶν ἄκρωνἀὴρ εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ τῶν στρατοπέδων, εὐθὺς ἀρχομένης ἡμέρας ἀποκρύπτων τοὺς τόπους, οἱ δὲ ὑπʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἀποσταλέντες ἐφεδρείας ἕνεκα καὶ κατασκοπῆς ἐν πάνυ βραχεῖ περιπεσόντες ἀλλήλοις ἐμάχοντο περὶ τὰς καλουμένας Κυνὸς κεφαλάς, αἳ λόφων οὖσαι πυκνῶν καὶ παραλλήλων ἄκραι λεπταὶ διʼ ὁμοιότητα τὸν σχήματος οὕτως ὠνομάσθησαν.
On the following day around dawn, after a mild and damp night, as the clouds turned into mist, the whole plain was filled with deep darkness, and a thick fog descended from the heights into the space between the camps, hiding the places as soon as the day began. Those who had been sent out by both sides for ambush and reconnaissance, falling in with one another in a very short time, fought around the place called Cynoscephalae, which, being the sharp peaks of dense and parallel hills, were so named from the resemblance of their shape.
§8.2γενομένων δὲ οἷον εἰκὸς ἐν τόποις σκληροῖς μεταβολῶν κατὰ τὰς φυγὰς καὶ διώξεις, ἑκάτεροι τοῖς πονοῦσιν ἀεὶ καὶ ὑποχωροῦσιν ἐπιπέμποντες βοήθειαν ἐκ τῶν στρατοπέδων, καὶ ἤδη τοῦ ἀέρος ἀνακαθαιρομένου καθορῶντες τὰ γινόμενα πανστρατιᾷ συνέβαλον.
As fluctuations in flight and pursuit naturally occurred in such rugged terrain, both sides kept sending assistance from their camps to those who were hard pressed and retreating, and when the air was now clearing and they could see what was happening, they engaged with their entire forces.
τῷ μὲν οὖν δεξιῷ περιῆν ὁ Φίλιππος, ἐκ τόπων καταφερῶν ὅχην ἐπερείσας τὴν φάλαγγα τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις, τὸ βάρος τὸν συνασπισμοῦ καὶ τὴν τραχύτητα τῆς προβολῆς τῶν σαρισῶν οὐχ ὑπομεινάντων· §8.3·
Philip, then, was victorious with his right wing, having from higher ground thrown his phalanx with its heavy mass against the Romans, who could not withstand the weight of the locked shields and the sharpness of the protruding sarissas.
τοῦ δʼ εὐωνύμου διασπασμὸν ἀνὰ τοὺς λόφους καὶ περίκλασιν λαμβάνοντος, ὁ Τίτος, τὸ μὲν ἡττώμενον ἀπογνούς, πρὸς δὲ θάτερον ὀξέως παρελάσας, προσέβαλε τοῖς Μακεδόσι συστῆναι μὲν εἰς φάλαγγα καὶ πυκνῶσαι τὴν τάξιν εἰς βάθος, ἥπερ ἦν ἀλκὴ τῆς ἐκείνων δυνάμεως, κωλυομένοις διά τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν καὶ τραχύτητα τῶν χωρίων, πρὸς δὲ τὸ κατʼ ἄνδρα συμπλέκεσθαι βαρεῖ καὶ δυσέργῳ χρωμένοις ὁπλισμῷ.
But since their left wing was becoming fragmented and broken along the hills, Titus, despairing of the defeated part of his army, rode quickly to the other wing and attacked the Macedonians, who were prevented by the unevenness and roughness of the ground from forming into a phalanx and deepening their ranks—which was the main strength of their power—and who, for individual hand-to-hand combat, carried armor that was heavy and difficult to manage.
§8.4ζῴῳ γὰρ ἡ φάλαγξ ἔοικεν ἀμάχῳ τὴν ἰσχύν, ἕως ἕν ἐστι σῶμα καὶ τηρεῖ τὸν συνασπισμὸν ἕν τάξει μιᾷ. διαλυθείσης δὲ καὶ τὴν καθʼ ἕνα ῥώμην ἀπόλλυσι τῶν μαχομένων ἕκαστος διά τε τὸν τρόπον τῆς ὁπλίσεως καὶ ὅτι παντὸς ὅλου τοῖς παρʼ ἀλλήλων μέρεσι μᾶλλον ἢ διʼ αὑτὸν ἰσχύει, τραπομένων δὲ τούτων οἱ μὲν ἐδίωκον τοὺς φεύγοντας, οἱ δὲ τοὺς μαχομένους τῶν Μακεδόνων παρεκδραμόντες ἐκ πλαγίων ἔκτεινον, ὥστε ταχὺ καὶ τοὺς νικῶντας περισπᾶσθαι καὶ φεύγειν τὰ ὅπλα καταβάλλοντας.
For the phalanx is like an invincible beast in strength as long as it is one body and keeps its shields locked in a single formation; but when it is broken, each of the fighters also loses his individual prowess, both because of the nature of his armor and because he derives his strength from the mutual support of the parts of a whole rather than from himself. When these had been turned to flight, some of the Romans pursued the fugitives, while others, bypassing those of the Macedonians who were still fighting, cut them down from the flanks, so that soon even those who had been victorious were thrown into confusion and fled, casting away their arms.
§8.5ἔπεσον μὲν οὖν ὀκτακισχιλίων οὐκ ἐλάττους, ἑάλωσαν δὲ περὶ πεντακισχιλίους.
Thus no fewer than eight thousand fell, and about five thousand were taken prisoners.
τοῦ δὲ τὸν Φίλιππον ἀσφαλῶς ἀπελθεῖν τὴν αἰτίαν ἔλαβον Αἰτωλοί, περὶ ἁρπαγὴν γενόμενοι καὶ πόρθησιν τοῦ χάρακος ἔτι τῶν Ῥωμαίων διωκόντων, ὥστε μηθὲν εὑρεῖν ἐκείνους ἐπανελθόντας.
The blame for Philip's safe escape was laid upon the Aetolians, who busied themselves with plundering and pillaging the camp while the Romans were still pursuing, so that when the latter returned they found nothing.