Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Philopoemen §5.1-5.2

The Fall of Megalopolis and Escape of the Citizens

Passage 5 of 21 · Greek

Summary

When Cleomenes captured Megalopolis, Philopoemen acted as a rearguard to ensure the citizens' escape, and later persuaded them to reject Cleomenes' offer to return, which resulted in the destruction of the city.

§5.1ἤδη δὲ αὐτοῦ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότος Κλεομένης ὁ βασιλεὺς Λακεδαιμονίων νυκτὸς ἐξαίφνης προσπεσὼν τῇ Μεγάλῃ πόλει καὶ τὰς φυλακὰς βιασάμενος ἐντὸς παρῆλθε καὶ τήν ἀγορὰν κατέλαβεν.
When he was already thirty years of age, Cleomenes the king of the Lacedaemonians suddenly fell upon Megalopolis by night, forced his way past the guards, entered inside, and occupied the marketplace.
ἐκβοηθήσας δὲ Φιλοποίμην τοὺς μὲν πολεμίους οὐ κατίσχυσεν ἐξελάσαι, καίπερ ἐρρωμένως καὶ παραβόλως διαγωνισάμενος, τοὺς δὲ πολίτας τρόπον τινὰ τῆς πόλεως ἐξέκλεψε, προσμαχόμενος τοῖς ἐπιδιώκουσι καὶ τὸν Κλεομένην περισπῶν ἐφʼ ἑαυτόν, ὡς χαλεπῶς καὶ μόλις ὕστατος ἀπελθεῖν, ἀποβαλὼν τὸν ἵππον καὶ τραυματίας γενόμενος. §5.2ἐπεὶ δὲ προσέπεμψεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Κλεομένης εἰς Μεσσήνην ἀπελθοῦσι τήν τε πόλιν μετὰ τῶν χρημάτων ἀποδιδοὺς καὶ τήν χώραν, ὁρῶν ὁ Φιλοποίμην τοὺς πολίτας ἀσμένως δεχομένους καὶ σπεύδοντας ἐπανελθεῖν ἐνέστη καὶ διεκώλυσε τῷ λόγῳ, διδάσκων ὡς οὐκ ἀποδίδωσι τήν πόλιν Κλεομένης, προσκτᾶται δὲ τοὺς πολίτας ἐπὶ τῷ καὶ τήν πόλιν ἔχειν βεβαιότερον οὐ γὰρ ἕξειν αὐτόν ὅπως οἰκίας καὶ τείχη κενὰ φυλάξει καθήμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτων ὑπʼ ἐρημίας ἐκπεσεῖσθαι.
Philopoemen, having run to the rescue, was not strong enough to drive out the enemy, although he fought vigorously and recklessly; but he did, in a way, steal the citizens out of the city, by fighting against the pursuers and drawing Cleomenes toward himself, so that he retreated last with difficulty and hardship, having lost his horse and being wounded. When Cleomenes sent a message to them after they had retreated to Messene, offering to restore both the city and the territory along with their property, Philopoemen, seeing that the citizens welcomed the offer and were eager to return, stood in the way and prevented them by his speech, showing them that Cleomenes was not restoring the city, but was acquiring the citizens in addition, in order to hold the city itself more securely; for he would have no way of guarding empty houses and walls by sitting there, but would be forced out even of these by the desolation.
ταῦτα λέγων τοὺς μὲν πολίτας ἀπέτρεψε, τῷ δὲ Κλεομένει πρόφασιν παρέσχε λυμήνασθαι καὶ καταβαλεῖν τὰ πλεῖστα τῆς πόλεως καὶ χρημάτων εὐπορήσαντι μεγάλων ἀπελθεῖν.
By saying this, he turned the citizens away, but provided Cleomenes with a pretext to ruin and demolish most of the city and to depart after obtaining great wealth.

Notes

  1. 5.1αὐτοῦ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότος — A genitive absolute construction expressing temporal circumstance, indicating that 'he' (Philopoemen) was already thirty years old, distinct from the subject of the main clause (Cleomenes).
  2. 5.1ὡς ... ἀπελθεῖν — The conjunction ὡς followed by the infinitive (ἀπελθεῖν) is used here to express result, functioning in the same manner as the more common ὥστε.
  3. 5.2ἐπὶ τῷ καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἔχειν βεβαιότερον — The preposition ἐπί with the articular infinitive in the dative case (τῷ ἔχειν). It expresses either purpose or the condition ('on the condition/premise of holding...') under which the action is performed.
  4. 5.2οὐ γὰρ ἕξειν αὐτὸν ὅπως ... φυλάξει — An accusative with infinitive construction (with αὐτόν as the subject and ἕξειν, the future infinitive of ἔχω) continuing the indirect speech from διδάσκων. The clause `ἔχω ὅπως` followed by the future indicative (φυλάξει) means 'to have a way/means to do something.'

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Philopoemen §5.1-5.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg027.humanitext-grc2:5.1-5.2

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