§4.1ἀπαλλαγεὶς δὲ διδασκάλων καὶ παιδαγωγῶν ἐν μὲν ταῖς πολιτικαῖς στρατείαις, ἃς? ἐποιοῦντο κλωπείας ἕνεκα καὶ λεηλασίας εἰς τὴν Λακωνικὴν ἐμβάλλοντες, εἴθισεν αὑτὸν πρῶτον μὲν ἐκστρατευόντων, ὕστατον δὲ ἀπερχομένων βαδίζειν.
Having been freed from teachers and tutors, in the first place, in the expeditions of the citizens which they made by invading Laconia for the sake of plunder and robbery, he accustomed himself to march first when they went out, and last when they retreated.
σχολῆς δὲ οὔσης ἢ κυνηγῶν διεπόνει τὸ σῶμα καὶ κατεσκεύαζε κοῦφον ἅμα καὶ ῥωμαλέον, ἢ γεωργῶν.
When he had leisure, he disciplined his body and made it both active and strong, either by hunting or by farming.
§4.2ἦν γὰρ ἀγρὸς αὐτῷ καλὸς ἀπὸ σταδίων εἴκοσι τῆς πόλεως, εἰς τοῦτον ἐβάδιζε καθʼ ἡμέραν μετὰ τὸ ἄριστον ἢ μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον, καὶ καταβαλὼν ἑαυτὸν ἐπὶ στιβαδίου τοῦ τυχόντος ὥσπερ ἕκαστος τῶν ἐργατῶν ἀνεπαύετο.
For he had a fine estate twenty stadia away from the city; to this he would walk every day after luncheon or after dinner, and throwing himself down upon any common pallet, he would rest just like each of the laborers.
πρωῒ δὲ ἀναστὰς καὶ συνεφαψάμενος ἔργου τοῖς ἀμπελουργοῦσιν ἢ βοηλατοῦσιν, αὖθις εἰς πόλιν ἀπῄει καὶ περὶ τὰ δημόσια τοῖς φίλοις καὶ τοῖς ἄρχουσι συνησχολεῖτο.
Rising early in the morning, and taking a hand in the work with the vine-dressers or the ox-drivers, he would go back again to the city and occupy himself with public affairs together with his friends and the magistrates.
§4.3τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῶν στρατειῶν προσιόντα κατάνλισκεν εἰς ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ λύσεις αἰχμαλώτων, τὸν δὲ οἶκον ἀπὸ τῆς γεωργίας αὔξειν ἐπειρᾶτο δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν χρηματισμῶν, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ποιούμενος πάρεργον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ προσήκειν? οἰόμενος οἰκεῖα κεκτῆσθαι τὸν ἀλλοτρίων ἀφεξόμενον.
Thus, the income coming in from the expeditions he spent on horses, arms, and the ransoming of captives, while he tried to increase his estate from farming, which is the most just of the ways of acquiring wealth; nor did he make this a mere secondary business, but believed that it was highly proper for one who was to keep his hands off the property of others to possess property of his own.
ἠκροᾶτο δὲ λόγων καὶ συγγράμμασι φιλοσόφων ἐνετύγχανεν, οὐ πᾶσιν, ἀλλʼ ἀφʼ ὧν ἐδόκει πρὸς ἀρετὴν ὠφελεῖσθαι.
He also listened to lectures and read the writings of philosophers—not all of them, but those from which he thought he might be aided toward virtue.
§4.4καὶ τῶν Ὁμηρικῶν ὅσα τὰς πρὸς ἀνδρείαν ἐγείρειν καὶ παροξύνειν ἐνόμιζε φαντασίας, τούτοις προσεῖχε.
And of the poems of Homer, he attended to all that he believed would rouse and stimulate thoughts of courage.
τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἀναγνωσμάτων μάλιστα τοῖς Εὐαγγέλου τακτικοῖς ἐνεφύετο καὶ τὰς περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον ἱστορίας κατεῖχε, τοὺς λόγους ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα καταστρέφειν οἰόμενος, εἰ μὴ σχολῆς ἕνεκα καὶ λαλιᾶς ἀκάρπου περαίνοιντο.
Among other readings, he especially clung to the tactical treatises of Evangelus, and was well-versed in the histories of Alexander, believing that words should be brought to end in actions, unless they were uttered merely for the sake of leisure and fruitless talk.
§4.5καὶ γὰρ τῶν τακτικῶν θεωρημάτων τὰς ἐπὶ τοῖς πινακίοις διαγραφὰς ἐῶν χαίρειν, ἐπὶ τῶν τόπων αὐτῶν ἐλάμβανεν ἔλεγχον καὶ μελέτην ἐποιεῖτο, χωρίων συγκλινίας καὶ πεδίων ἀποκοπὰς, καὶ ὅσα περὶ ῥείθροις ἢ τάφροις ἢ στενωποῖς πάθη καὶ σχήματα διασπωμένης καὶ πάλιν συστελλομένης φάλαγγος, ἐπισκοπῶν αὐτὸς πρὸς αὑτὸν ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις καὶ τοῖς μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ προβάλλων.
For indeed, letting alone the diagrams of tactical theories on drawing-boards, he took his proof on the actual spots and made his practice there, observing by himself on his journeys and proposing to his companions the slopes of terrains and the divisions of plains, and all the effects and formations of a phalanx when split and again contracted around streams or ditches or narrow passes.
§4.6ἔοικε γὰρ οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ περαιτέρω τῆς ἀνάγκης ἐμφιλοκαλῆσαι τοῖς στρατιωτικοῖς, καὶ τὸν πόλεμον ὡς ποικιλωτάτην ὑπόθεσιν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀσπάσασθαι, καὶ ὅλως καταφρονεῖν τῶν ἀπολειπομένων ὡς ἀπράκτων.
For this man seems to have loved military matters even beyond what was necessary, and to have embraced war as the most varied field for virtue, and utterly to have despised those who held aloof from it as useless.