§5.1ταῦτα δʼ οἱ μὲν εἰς μικρολογίαν ἐτίθεντο τοῦ ἀνδρός, οἱ δʼ ὡς ἐπὶ διορθώσει καὶ σωφρονισμῷ τῶν ἄλλων ἐνδοτέρω συστέλλοντος ἑαυτὸν ἀπεδέχοντο.
Some attributed these things to the man's pettiness; others approved of him, on the ground that he was restricting himself within narrower limits for the correction and chastening of others.
πλὴν τὸ τοῖς οἰκέταις ὡς ὑποζυγίοις ἀποχρησάμενον ἐπὶ γήρως ἐλαύνειν καὶ πιπράσκειν ἀτενοῦς ἄγαν ἤθους ἔγωγε τίθεμαι, καὶ μηδὲν ἀνθρώπῳ πρὸς ἄνθρωπον οἰομένου κοινώνημα τῆς χρείας πλέον ὑπάρχειν.
However, for my part, I regard the practice of using domestic servants like beasts of burden and then driving them off and selling them in their old age as a mark of an excessively unbending character, and of one who thinks that between man and man there is no other bond than that of utility.
§5.2καίτοι τὴν χρηστότητα τῆς δικαιοσύνης πλατύτερον τόπον ὁρῶμεν ἐπιλαμβάνουσαν νόμῳ μὲν γὰρ καὶ τῷ δικαίῳ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους μόνον χρῆσθαι πεφύκαμεν, πρὸς εὐεργεσίας δὲ καὶ χάριτας ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ μέχρι τῶν ἀλόγων ζῴων ὥσπερ ἐκ πηγῆς πλουσίας ἀπορρεῖ τῆς ἡμερότητος.
And yet, we see that kindness occupies a wider sphere than justice; for we are by nature fitted to practice law and justice toward human beings only, whereas benefactions and favors sometimes flow, as if from a rich spring of gentleness, even as far as to the irrational animals.
καὶ γὰρ ἵππων ἀπειρηκότων ὑπὸ χρόνου τροφαὶ καὶ κυνῶν οὐ σκυλακεῖαι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ γηροκομίαι τῷ χρηστῷ προσήκουσιν.
Indeed, to support horses that are worn out by time, and not only the rearing of dogs but also their care in old age, belong to a good man.
§5.3ὁ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων δῆμος οἰκοδομῶν τὸν Ἑκατόμπεδον, ὅσας κατενόησεν ἡμιόνους μάλιστα τοῖς πόνοις ἐγκαρτερούσας, ἀπέλυσεν ἐλευθέρας νέμεσθαι καὶ ἀφέτους, ὧν μίαν φασὶ καταβαίνουσαν ἀφʼ ἑαυτῆς πρὸς τὰ ἔργα τοῖς ἀνάγουσι τὰς ἁμάξας ὑποζυγίοις εἰς ἀκρόπολιν συμπαρατρέχειν καὶ προηγεῖσθαι καθάπερ ἐγκελευομένην καὶ συνεξορμῶσαν, ἣν καὶ τρέφεσθαι δημοσίᾳ μέχρι τελευτῆς ἐψηφίσαντο.
And the Athenian people, when building the Hecatompedon, released those mules which they observed to be most enduring under their labors, letting them go free to pasture at large; of which, they say, one used to come down of its own accord to the works, running along beside and leading the beasts of burden that were drawing the wagons up to the acropolis, as if encouraging them and urging them on; this one they even voted to feed at public expense until its death.
§5.4τῶν δὲ Κίμωνος ἵππων, αἷς Ὀλύμπια τρὶς ἐνίκησε, καὶ ταφαὶ πλησίον εἰσὶ τῶν ἐκείνου μνημάτων, κύνας δὲ συντρόφους γενομένους καὶ συνήθεις ἄλλοι τε πολλοὶ καὶ Ξάνθιππος ὁ παλαιὸς τὸν εἰς Σαλαμῖνα τῇ τριήρει παρανηξάμενον, ὅτε τὴν πόλιν ὁ δῆμος ἐξέλειπεν, ἐπὶ τῆς ἄκρας ἐκήδευσεν, ἣν Κυνὸς σῆμα μέχρι νῦν καλοῦσιν.
And the graves of Cimon’s mares, with which he won three Olympic victories, are near his own tombs. And as for dogs that had been reared with them and had become familiar companions, many others, and especially the elder Xanthippus, buried them; Xanthippus buried the one that swam alongside his trireme to Salamis, when the people abandoned the city, on the promontory which they call Cynos Sema to this day.
§5.5οὐ γὰρ ὡς ὑποδήμασιν ἢ σκεύεσι τοῖς ψυχὴν ἔχουσι χρηστέον, κοπέντα καὶ κατατριβέντα ταῖς ὑπηρεσίαις ἀπορριπτοῦντας, ἀλλʼ εἰ διὰ μηδὲν ἄλλο, μελέτης ἕνεκα τοῦ φιλανθρώπου προεθιστέον ἑαυτὸν ἐν τούτοις πρᾷον εἶναι καὶ μείλιχον.
For we ought not to treat living creatures like shoes or household utensils, throwing them away when they are worn out and ruined by services; but, if for no other reason, for the sake of practicing humanity, one must accustom oneself to be gentle and mild toward them.
ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὐδὲ βοῦν ἂν ἐργάτην διὰ γῆρας ἀποδοίμην, μή τί γε πρεσβύτερον ἄνθρωπον, ἐκ χώρας συντρόφου καὶ διαίτης συνήθους ὥσπερ ἐκ πατρίδος μεθιστάμενον ἀντὶ κερμάτων μικρῶν, ἄχρηστόν γε τοῖς ὠνουμένοις ὥσπερ τοῖς πιπράσκουσι γενησόμενον.
I, for my part, would not sell even an old working ox, much less a human being advanced in years, removing him from his familiar country and accustomed way of life, as if from his native land, for the sake of a few coins, when he is bound to be as useless to his buyers as he was to his sellers.
§5.6ὁ δὲ Κάτων ὥσπερ νεανιευόμενος ἐπὶ τούτοις καὶ τὸν ἵππον, ᾧ παρὰ τὰς στρατείας ὑπατεύων ἐχρῆτο, φησὶν ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ καταλιπεῖν, ἵνα μὴ τῇ πόλει τὸ ναῦλον αὐτοῦ λογίσηται.
But Cato, as if boasting of these things, says that he even left behind in Iberia the horse which he had used during his campaigns when he was consul, so that he might not charge the city with its transport cost.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν εἴτε μεγαλοψυχίας εἴτε μικρολογίας θετέον, ἔξεστι τῷ πείθοντι χρῆσθαι λογισμῷ.
Whether, then, these things are to be attributed to greatness of soul or to pettiness, one may decide according to the reasoning that convinces him.