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Plutarch · Life of Cato the Elder §6.1-6.3

Governorship of Sardinia: Frugality and Strict Rule

Passage 6 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Describes Cato's extraordinary self-control and his thorough reduction of public expenses as governor of Sardinia. It also depicts how his simple yet severe and uncompromising attitude strengthened Roman rule.

§6.1τῆς δʼ ἄλλης ἐγκρατείας ὑπερφυῶς θαυμαστὸς ὁ ἀνήρ· οἷον ὅτι στρατηγῶν ἐλάμβανεν ἑαυτῷ καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὑτὸν οὐ πλέον εἰς τὸν μῆνα πυρῶν ἢ τρεῖς Ἀττικοὺς μεδίμνους, εἰς δὲ τὴν ἡμέραν κριθῶν τοῖς ὑποζυγίοις ἔλαττον τριῶν ἡμιμεδίμνων.
In his other self-control, the man was extraordinarily admirable; for instance, that when commanding an army he took for himself and his staff not more than three Attic medimnoi of wheat per month, and for his beasts of burden less than three half-medimnoi of barley per day.
§6.2ἐπαρχίαν δὲ λαβὼν Σαρδόνα, τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ στρατηγῶν εἰωθότων χρῆσθαι καὶ σκηνώμασι δημοσίοις καὶ κλίναις καὶ ἱματίοις, πολλῇ δὲ θεραπείᾳ καὶ φίλων πλήθει καὶ περὶ δεῖπνα δαπάναις καὶ παρασκευαῖς βαρυνόντων, ἐκεῖνος ἄπιστον ἐποίησε τὴν διαφορὰν τῆς εὐτελείας, δαπάνης μὲν γὰρ εἰς οὐδὲν οὐδεμιᾶς προσεδεήθη δημοσίας, ἐπεφοίτα δὲ ταῖς πόλεσιν αὐτὸς μὲν ἄνευ ζεύγους πορευόμενος, εἷς δὲ ἠκολούθει δημόσιος ἐσθῆτα καὶ σπονδεῖον αὐτῷ πρὸς ἱερουργίαν κομίζων.
And having received Sardinia as his province, where the generals before him had been accustomed to use public pavilions, couches, and clothing, and to burden it with a large retinue, a multitude of friends, and expenses and preparations for dinners, he made the difference in his frugality unbelievable. For he required no public expense at all for anything, and when he visited the cities, he himself traveled on foot without a carriage, while a single public servant followed him, carrying his robe and a libation-vessel for sacrifice.
§6.3ἐν δὲ τούτοις οὕτως εὔκολος καὶ ἀφελὴς τοῖς ὑπὸ χεῖρα φαινόμενος, αὖθις ἀνταπεδίδου τὴν σεμνότητα καὶ τὸ βάρος ἀπαραίτητος ὢν ἐν τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας προστάγμασιν ὄρθιος καὶ αὐθέκαστος, ὥστε μηδέποτε τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴν ἐκείνοις μήτε φοβερωτέραν μήτε προσφιλεστέραν γενέσθαι.
While showing himself so easy-going and simple in these matters to those under his authority, on the other hand, he displayed dignity and severity in return, being inexorable in administering justice, and upright and unyielding in commands on behalf of the empire, so that the Roman rule never became either more fearsome or more beloved to those people.

Notes

  1. §6.1τῆς δʼ ἄλλης ἐγκρατείας — Genitive of relation ('with respect to his other self-control'). It functions as a specification modifying the subject `ὁ ἀνήρ` or the adjective `θαυμαστός`.
  2. §6.2βαρυνόντων — Part of the genitive absolute construction `τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ στρατηγῶν... βαρυνόντων`. It is used either intransitively or with an implied object such as 'the province' or 'the inhabitants' omitted from the context.
  3. §6.3τοῖς ὑπὸ χεῖρα — An idiomatic expression meaning 'those under his hand,' i.e., 'subjects' or 'subordinates.' With the noun omitted, it depends on the adjectives `εὔκολος` and `ἀφελής`, which take the dative.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Elder §6.1-6.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg025.humanitext-grc2:6.1-6.3

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