§5.1ἐπεὶ δὲ Δᾶτις ὑπὸ Δαρείου πεμφθεὶς λόγῳ μὲν ἐπιθεῖναι δίκην Ἀθηναίοις, ὅτι Σάρδεις ἐνέπρησαν, ἔργῳ δὲ καταστρέψασθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας, εἰς Μαραθῶνα παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ κατέσχε καὶ τὴν χώραν ἐπόρθει, τῶν δέκα καθεστώτων τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον στρατηγῶν μέγιστον μὲν εἶχεν ἀξίωμα Μιλτιάδης, δόξῃ δὲ καὶ δυνάμει δεύτερος ἦν Ἀριστείδης.
When Datis, sent by Darius ostensibly to punish the Athenians for burning Sardis, but in reality to subjugate the Greeks, landed at Marathon with his whole fleet and began ravaging the country, among the ten generals appointed by the Athenians for the war, Miltiades held the highest prestige, and Aristides was second in reputation and influence.
§5.2καὶ τότε περὶ τῆς μάχης γνώμῃ τῇ Μιλτιάδου προσθέμενος οὐ μικρὰν ἐποίησε ῥοπήν· καὶ παρʼ ἡμέραν ἑκάστου στρατηγοῦ τὸ κράτος ἔχοντος, ὡς περιῆλθεν εἰς αὐτὸν ἡ ἀρχή, παρέδωκε Μιλτιάδῃ, διδάσκων τοὺς συνάρχοντας, ὅτι τὸ πείθεσθαι καὶ ἀκολουθεῖν τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν οὐκ αἰσχρόν, ἀλλὰ σεμνόν ἐστι καὶ σωτήριον.
And at that time, by supporting the opinion of Miltiades concerning the battle, he made no small difference; and although each general held the command for a day in turn, when the command came round to him, he handed it over to Miltiades, teaching his fellow generals that to obey and follow those who have superior wisdom is not disgraceful, but noble and salutary.
οὕτω δὲ πραΰνας τὴν φιλονεικίαν καὶ προτρεψάμενος αὐτοὺς ἀγαπᾶν μιᾷ γνώμῃ τῇ κρατίστῃ χρωμένους, ἔρρωσε τὸν Μιλτιάδην τῷ ἀπερισπάστῳ τῆς ἐξουσίας ἰσχυρὸν γενόμενον.
Having thus pacified their rivalry and encouraged them to be content with using the single best opinion, he strengthened Miltiades, who became powerful through the undivided nature of his authority.
χαίρειν γὰρ ἐῶν ἕκαστος ἤδη τὸ παρʼ ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐκείνῳ προσεῖχεν.
For each general, letting go of his day of command, now gave heed to him.
§5.3ἐν δὲ τῇ μάχῃ μάλιστα τῶν Ἀθηναίων τοῦ μέσου πονήσαντος καὶ πλεῖστον ἐνταῦθα χρόνον τῶν βαρβάρων ἀντερεισάντων κατὰ τὴν Λεοντίδα καὶ τὴν Ἀντιοχίδα φυλήν, ἠγωνίσαντο λαμπρῶς τεταγμένοι παρʼ ἀλλήλους ὅ τε Θεμιστοκλῆς καὶ ὁ Ἀριστείδης· ὁ μὲν γὰρ Λεοντίδος ἦν, ὁ δʼ Ἀντιοχίδος·
In the battle, while the center of the Athenian line suffered most, and the barbarians resisted there for the longest time against the Leontid and Antiochid tribes, Themistocles and Aristides fought brilliantly, being stationed next to each other; for the former belonged to the Leontid tribe, and the latter to the Antiochid.
§5.4ἐπεὶ δὲ τρεψάμενοι τοὺς βαρβάρους ἐνέβαλον εἰς τὰς ναῦς καὶ πλέοντας οὐκ ἐπὶ νήσων ἑώρων, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης εἴσω πρὸς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἀποβιαζομένους, φοβηθέντες μὴ τὴν πόλιν ἔρημον λάβωσι τῶν ἀμυνομένων, ταῖς μὲν ἐννέα φυλαῖς ἠπείγοντο πρὸς τὸ ἄστυ καὶ κατήνυσαν αὐθημερόν·
But when they had routed the barbarians and driven them into their ships, and saw that they were sailing not toward the islands but were being forced by the wind and sea inward toward Attica, fearing that they might take the city empty of defenders, they hastened toward the city with nine of the tribes and reached it on the same day.
§5.5ἐν δὲ Μαραθῶνι μετὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ φυλῆς Ἀριστείδης ἀπολειφθεὶς φύλαξ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων καὶ τῶν λαφύρων οὐκ ἐψεύσατο τὴν δόξαν, ἀλλὰ χύδην μὲν ἀργύρου καὶ χρυσοῦ παρόντος, ἐσθῆτος δὲ παντοδαπῆς καὶ χρημάτων ἄλλων ἀμυθήτων ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς καὶ τοῖς ἡλωκόσι σκάφεσιν ὑπαρχόντων, οὔτʼ αὐτὸς ἐπεθύμησε θιγεῖν οὔτʼ ἄλλον εἴασε, πλὴν εἴ τινες ἐκεῖνον λαθόντες ὠφελήθησαν· ὧν ἦν καὶ Καλλίας ὁ δᾳδοῦχος.
But Aristides, having been left behind at Marathon with his own tribe as guard over the captives and the spoils, did not disappoint his reputation; for though silver and gold lay scattered about in heaps, and there were all kinds of clothing and other countless treasures in the tents and the captured vessels, he neither desired to touch them himself nor allowed anyone else to do so, except if some, escaping his notice, enriched themselves; among whom was also Callias the torch-bearer.
§5.6τούτῳ γάρ τις, ὡς ἔοικε, τῶν βαρβάρων προσέπεσεν οἰηθεὶς βασιλέα διὰ τὴν κόμην καὶ τὸ στρόφιον εἶναι· προσκυνήσας δὲ καὶ λαβόμενος τῆς δεξιᾶς ἔδειξε πολὺ χρυσίον ἐν λάκκῳ τινὶ κατορωρυγμένον.
For to this man, as it seems, one of the barbarians prostrated himself, thinking he was a king because of his long hair and headband; and having done obeisance and taken him by the right hand, he showed him a great deal of gold buried in a pit.
ὁ δὲ Καλλίας ὠμότατος ἀνθρώπων καὶ παρανομώτατος γενόμενος τὸν μὲν χρυσὸν ἀνείλετο, τὸν δʼ ἄνθρωπον, ὡς μὴ κατείποι πρὸς ἑτέρους, ἀπέκτεινεν.
But Callias, showing himself the most cruel and lawless of men, took away the gold, and killed the man so that he might not tell others.
ἐκ τούτου φασὶ καὶ λακκοπλούτους ὑπὸ τῶν κωμικῶν τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας λέγεσθαι, σκωπτόντων εἰς τὸν τόπον, ἐν ᾧ τὸ χρυσίον ὁ Καλλίας εὗρεν.
From this, they say, the members of his family were called "pit-wealthy" (Laccoplooti) by the comic poets, who mocked the place where Callias found the gold.
§5.7Ἀριστείδης δὲ τὴν ἐπώνυμον εὐθὺς ἀρχὴν ἦρξε.
And Aristides immediately held the office of eponymous archon.
καίτοι φησὶν ὁ Φαληρεὺς Δημήτριος ἄρξαι τὸν ἄνδρα μικρὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ θανάτου μετὰ τὴν ἐν Πλαταιαῖς μάχην.
Yet Demetrius of Phalerum says that the man held this office shortly before his death, after the battle of Plataea.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἀναγραφαῖς μετὰ μὲν Ξανθιππίδην, ἐφʼ οὗ Μαρδόνιος ἡττήθη Πλαταιᾶσιν, οὐδʼ ὁμώνυμον Ἀριστείδην ἐν πάνυ πολλοῖς λαβεῖν ἔστι, μετὰ δὲ Φαίνιππον, ἐφʼ οὗ τὴν ἐν Μαραθῶνι μάχην ἐνίκων, εὐθὺς Ἀριστείδης ἄρχων ἀναγέγραπται.
But in the official records, after Xanthippides, under whom Mardonius was defeated at Plataea, one cannot find even a namesake Aristides among very many names; whereas after Phae nippus, under whom they won the battle of Marathon, Aristides is recorded as archon immediately.