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Plutarch · Life of Aristides §3.1-3.4

Aristides' Impartiality and Devotion to Justice

Passage 3 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Aristides was forced to make political compromises to counter Themistocles' reckless maneuvers, demonstrating extraordinary steadfastness and selflessness. His commitment to true justice, rather than the appearance of it, is highlighted by a famous theatrical anecdote where the audience identified him with a character of supreme virtue.

§3.1οὐ μὴν ἀλλά, πολλὰ κινουμένου τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους παραβόλως καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν αὐτῷ πολιτείαν ἐνισταμένου καὶ διακόπτοντος, ἠναγκάζετό που καὶ αὐτὸς τὰ μὲν ἀμυνόμενος, τὰ δὲ κολούων τὴν ἐκείνου δύναμιν χάριτι τῶν πολλῶν αὐξομένην ὑπεναντιοῦσθαι οἷς ἔπραττεν ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς, βέλτιον ἡγούμενος παρελθεῖν ἔνια τῶν συμφερόντων τὸν δῆμον ἢ τῷ κρατεῖν ἐκεῖνον ἐν πᾶσιν ἰσχυρὸν γενέσθαι.
Nevertheless, since Themistocles made many reckless moves and opposed and thwarted him in every political measure, he too was somehow forced, partly in self-defense and partly to curtail that man's power—which was increasing through the favor of the multitude—to oppose what Themistocles was doing, deeming it better to let some of the measures advantageous to the people pass by than that the other, by prevailing in all things, should become powerful.
§3.2τέλος δέ ποτε τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους πράττοντός τι τῶν δεόντων ἀντικρούσας καὶ περιγενόμενος οὐ κατέσχεν, ἀλλʼ εἶπεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀπιών, ὡς οὐκ ἔστι σωτηρία τοῖς Ἀθηναίων πράγμασιν, εἰ μὴ καὶ Θεμιστοκλέα καὶ αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβάλοιεν.
And finally once, having opposed and prevailed over Themistocles when he was proposing some necessary measure, he could not restrain himself, but said as he was leaving the assembly that there was no safety for the affairs of the Athenians unless they should cast both Themistocles and himself into the pit.
πάλιν δὲ γράψας τινὰ γνώμην εἰς τὸν δῆμον, ἀντιλογίας οὔσης πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ φιλονεικίας, ἐκράτει· μέλλοντος δὲ τοῦ προέδρου τὸν δῆμον ἐπερωτᾶν αἰσθόμενος ἐκ τῶν λόγων αὐτῶν τὸ ἀσύμφορον ἀπέστη τοῦ ψηφίσματος.
And again, when he had proposed a certain resolution to the people, though there was opposition and rivalry against it, he was prevailing; but when the presiding officer was about to put the question to the people, perceiving from the arguments themselves that it was disadvantageous, he withdrew the decree.
§3.3πολλάκις δὲ καὶ διʼ ἑτέρων εἰσέφερε τὰς γνώμας, ὡς μὴ φιλονεικίᾳ τῇ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς ἐμπόδιος εἴη τῷ συμφέροντι.
And often he also introduced his proposals through others, so that Themistocles, out of rivalry with him, might not be an obstacle to the public good.
θαυμαστὴ δέ τις ἐφαίνετο αὐτοῦ παρὰ τὰς ἐν τῇ πολιτείᾳ μεταβολὰς ἡ εὐστάθεια, μήτε ταῖς τιμαῖς ἐπαιρομένου πρός τε τὰς δυσημερίας ἀθορύβως καὶ πρᾴως ἔχοντος, καὶ ὁμοίως ἡγουμένου χρῆναι τῇ πατρίδι παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν οὐ χρημάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξης προῖκα καὶ ἀμισθὶ πολιτευόμενον.
Moreover, his constancy amid the changes in political affairs seemed wonderful, since he was neither puffed up by honors and faced reverses calmly and gently, and similarly deemed that he ought to offer himself to his country, conducting public affairs without reward and without pay, not only of money but also of glory.
§3.4ὅθεν, ὡς ἔοικε, τῶν εἰς Ἀμφιάραον ὑπʼ Αἰσχύλου πεποιημένων ἰαμβείων ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ λεγομένων· " οὐ γὰρ δοκεῖν δίκαιος, ἀλλʼ εἶναι θέλει, βαθεῖαν ἄλοκα διὰ φρενὸς καρπούμενος, ἀφʼ ἧς τὰ κεδνὰ βλαστάνει βουλεύματα, " πάντες ἀπέβλεψαν εἰς Ἀριστείδην, ὡς ἐκείνῳ μάλιστα τῆς ἀρετῆς ταύτης προσηκούσης.
Whence, as it seems, when the iambic verses written by Aeschylus about Amphiaraus were being recited in the theater: "For he wishes not to seem just, but to be so, reaping a deep furrow through his mind, from which wise counsels grow, "everyone looked at Aristides, as this virtue belonged especially to him.

Notes

  1. 3.1παρελθεῖν ἔνια τῶν συμφερόντων τὸν δῆμον — The object of παρελθεῖν (to let pass, overlook) is ἔνια τῶν συμφερόντων (some of the advantageous things), and τὸν δῆμον (the people) functions as the object/beneficiary of συμφερόντων. It refers to the difficult decision of letting useful public measures fail to prevent Themistocles from gaining too much power.
  2. 3.1ἢ τῷ κρατεῖν ἐκεῖνον ἐν πᾶσιν ἰσχυρὸν γενέσθαι — An infinitive clause introduced by ἤ following the comparative βέλτιον. The subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι is the accusative ἐκεῖνον (Themistocles), and τῷ κρατεῖν is the dative of means (by prevailing/conquering).
  3. 3.2εἰ μὴ καὶ Θεμιστοκλέα καὶ αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβάλοιεν — A conditional clause in indirect discourse. Due to the past sequence (optative of oblique alternant), the verb is in the optative ἐμβάλοιεν, representing what was originally a past indicative (contrary-to-fact) or a hortatory expression in direct speech. αὐτόν is an indirect reflexive pronoun referring to the speaker (Aristides).
  4. 3.3οὐ χρημάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξης προῖκα καὶ ἀμισθὶ — The adverbial accusative προῖκα (free of charge) and the adverb ἀμισθὶ (without pay) govern the genitive of separation/deprivation οὐ χρημάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξης, describing his attitude of conducting politics without seeking any return, not only in terms of money but even of glory.
  5. 3.4ὡς ἐκείνῳ μάλιστα τῆς ἀρετῆς ταύτης προσηκούσης — A genitive absolute construction introduced by ὡς (on the ground that). τῆς ἀρετῆς ταύτης is the subject of the participle προσηκούσης, and the dative ἐκείνῳ depends on the verb προσήκει (belong to, befit him).

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Aristides §3.1-3.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg024.humanitext-grc2:3.1-3.4

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