§6.1μετὰ ταῦτα γίνεται διαμαρτία τὸν Ἀννίβου.
After this, a mistake occurred on the part of Hannibal’s [guides].
βουλόμενος γὰρ ἀποσπάσαι τὸν Φαβίου πορρωτέρω τὸ στράτευμα καὶ πεδίων ἐπιλαβέσθαι προνομὰς ἐχόντων, ἐκέλευσε τοὺς ὁδηγοὺς μετὰ δεῖπνον εὐθὺς ἡγεῖσθαι πρὸς τὸ Κασινάτον.
For wishing to draw Fabius's army further away and to occupy plains having pastures, he ordered the guides immediately after dinner to lead the way toward Casinum.
οἱ δὲ τῆς φωνῆς διὰ βαρβαρισμὸν οὐκ ἐξακούσαντες ἀκριβῶς, ἐμβάλλουσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν δύναμιν φέροντες εἰς τὰ καταλήγοντα τῆς Καμπανίας εἰς πόλιν Κασιλῖνον, ἣν τέμνει ῥέων διὰ μέσης ποταμὸς, ὃν Οὐουλτοῦρνον οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι καλοῦσιν.
But they, not hearing the word accurately because of his barbarian pronunciation, led his army and threw it into the borders of Campania, to the city of Casilinum, which a flowing river cuts through the middle, which the Romans call Vulturnus.
§6.2ἔστι δʼ ἡ χώρα τὰ μὲν ἄλλα περιστεφὴς ὄρεσιν αὐλὼν δʼ ἀναπέπταται πρὸς τὴν θάλατταν, ἔνθα τὰ ἕλη καταδίδωσι τοῦ ποταμοῦ περιχεομένου, καὶ θῖνας ἄμμου βαθείας ἔχει, καὶ τελευτᾷ πρὸς αἰγιαλὸν κυματώδη καὶ δύσορμον.
The region is, for the rest, ringed with mountains, but a valley opens up toward the sea, where the river overflows to form marshes, and it has deep sand dunes, and ends in a wavy and harborless shore.
ἐνταῦθα καταβαίνοντος τοῦ Ἀννίβου περιελθὼν ἐμπειρίᾳ τῶν ὁδῶν ὁ Φάβιος τὴν μὲν διέξοδον ὁπλίτας τετρακισχιλίους ἐπιστήσας ἐνέφραξε, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον στρατὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἄλλων ἄκρων ἐν καλῷ καθίσας διὰ τῶν ἐλαφροτάτων καὶ προχειροτάτων ἐνέβαλε τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τῶν πολεμίων, καὶ συνετάραξεν ἅπαν τὸ στράτευμα, διέφθειρε δὲ περὶ ὀκτακοσίους.
As Hannibal was descending there, Fabius, having bypassed him through his knowledge of the roads, blocked the exit by placing four thousand hoplites there, and having stationed the rest of his army in an advantageous position above the other heights, fell upon the rear of the enemy with his lightest and readiest troops, and threw the entire army into confusion, and destroyed about eight hundred.
§6.3ἐκ τούτου βουλόμενος Ἀννίβας ἀπαγαγεῖν τὸ στράτευμα, καὶ τὴν διαμαρτίαν τοῦ τόπου νοήσας καὶ τὸν κίνδυνον, ἀνεσταύρωσε μὲν τοὺς ὁδηγούς, ἐκβιάζεσθαι δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ προσμάχεσθαι τῶν ὑπερβολῶν ἐγκρατεῖς ὄντας ἀπεγίνωσκε.
After this, Hannibal, wishing to lead his army away, and realizing the error of the place and the danger, crucified the guides, but despaired of forcing a way out and fighting against the enemy who were in possession of the passes.
δυσθύμως δὲ καὶ περιφόβως διακειμένων ἁπάντων, καὶ περιεστάναι σφᾶς πανταχθεν ἀφύκτους ἡγουμένων ἀπορίας, ἔγνω δολοῦν ἀπάτῃ τοὺς πολεμίους, ἦν δὲ τοιόνδε.
And since everyone was in a dispirited and terrified state, and thinking that inescapable difficulties surrounded them on all sides, he resolved to deceive the enemy by a trick, which was of this kind.
§6.4βοῦς ὅσον δισχιλίας ἐκ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἐκέλευσε συλλαβόντας ἀναδῆσαι δᾷδα πρὸς ἕκαστον κέρας ἢ λύγων ἢ φρυγάνων αὔων φάκελον· εἶτα νυκτὸς, ὅταν ἀρθῇ σημεῖον, ἀνάψαντας ἐλαύνειν ἐπὶ τὰς ὑπερβολὰς παρὰ τὰ στενὰ καὶ τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν πολεμίων, ἅμα δὲ ταῦτα παρεσκεύαζον οἷς προσετέτακτο, καὶ τὸν ἄλλον αὐτὸς ἀναστήσας στρατὸν ἤδη σκότους ὄντος ἦγε σχολαίως.
He ordered them to gather about two thousand oxen from among the captured ones, and to tie a torch to each horn, or a bundle of dry osiers or brushwood; then at night, when the signal should be raised, to light them and drive them toward the passes, along the narrow ways and the guards of the enemy; and at the same time, those to whom it had been ordered prepared these things, and he himself, having roused the rest of the army, led them slowly, it being already dark.
§6.5αἱ δὲ βόες, ἄχρι μὲν τὸ πῦρ ὀλίγον ἦν καὶ περιέκαιε τὴν ὕλην, ἀτρέμα προσεχώρουν ἐλαυνόμεναι πρὸς τὴν ὑπώρειαν, καὶ θαῦμα τοῖς καθορῶσι νομεῦσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄκρων καὶ βουκόλοις ἦσαν αἱ φλόγες ἄκροις ἐπιλάμπουσαι τοῖς κέρασιν, ὡς στρατοπέδου καθʼ ἕνα κόσμον ὑπὸ λαμπάδων πολλῶν βαδίζοντος.
The oxen, as long as the fire was small and was burning the wood around, moved forward quietly, driven toward the foot of the mountains; and the flames shining on the tips of their horns were a wonder to the shepherds and herdsmen who looked down from the heights, as if an army were marching in a single order under many torches.
§6.6ἐπεὶ δὲ πυρούμενον τὸ κέρας ἄχρι ῥίζης διέδωκε τῇ σαρκὶ τὴν αἴσθησιν, καὶ πρὸς τὸν πόνον διαφέρουσαι καὶ τινάσσουσαι τὰς κεφαλὰς ἀνεπίμπλαντο πολλῆς ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων φλογός, οὐκ ἐνέμειναν τῇ τάξει τῆς πορείας, ἀλλʼ ἔκφοβοι καὶ περιαλγεῖς οὖσαι δρόμῳ κατὰ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐφέροντο, λαμπόμεναι μὲν οὐρὰς ἄκρας καὶ μέτωπα, πολλὴν δὲ τῆς ὕλης, διʼ ἧς ἔφευγον, ἀνάπτουσαι.
But when the horn, being burnt to the root, transmitted the sensation of pain to the flesh, and tossing and shaking their heads because of the pain, they infected one another with much flame, they did not remain in the order of the march, but being terrified and in extreme pain, they rushed at a run down the mountains, with their tails and foreheads ablaze, and setting fire to much of the forest through which they fled.
§6.7δεινὸν οὖν ἧς θέαμα τοῖς παραφυλάττουσι τὰς ὑπερβολὰς Ῥωμαίοις· καὶ γὰρ αἱ φλόγες ἐῴκεσαν ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων θεόντων διαφερομέναις λαμπάσι, καὶ θόρυβος ἧς ἐν αὐτοῖς πολὺς καὶ φόβος, ἀλλαχόθεν ἄλλους ἐπιφέρεσθαι τῶν πολεμίων σφίσι καὶ κυκλοῦσθαι πανταχόθεν ἡγουμένων, διὸ μένειν οὐκ ἐτόλμων, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ μεῖζον ἀνεχώρουν στρατόπεδον προέμενοι τὰ στενά.
Therefore, it was a terrifying sight to the Romans who were guarding the passes; for indeed the flames seemed like torches carried about by running men, and there was much confusion and fear among them, since they thought that the enemy were attacking them from various sides and surrounding them from all directions; wherefore they did not dare to remain, but retreated toward the larger camp, abandoning the narrow passes.
καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ καιροῦ προσμίξαντες οἱ ψιλοὶ τοῦ Ἀννίβου τὰς ὑπερβολὰς κατέσχον, ἡ δʼ ἄλλη δύναμις ἤδη προσέβαινεν ἀδεῶς πολλὴν καὶ βαρεῖαν ἐφελκομένη λείαν.
And at this very juncture, Hannibal's light-armed troops, having come up, occupied the passes, and the rest of the army now advanced without fear, dragging along a great and heavy booty.