§16.1ἐν δὲ τῇ μάχῃ στρατηγήμασιν ἐχρήσατο, πρώτῳ μὲν τῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου, ποιησάμενος κατὰ νώτου τὸν ἄνεμον πρηστῆρι γὰρ ἐοικὼς φλέγοντι κατερρήγνυτο, καὶ τραχὺν ἐκ πεδίων ὑφάμμων καὶ ἀναπεπταμένων αἴρων κονιορτὸν ὑπὲρ τὴν φάλαγγα τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐώθει, καὶ προσέβαλλε τοῖς προσώποις ἀποστρεφομένοις καὶ συνταραττομένοις.
And in the battle he employed stratagems, first indeed that of the terrain, having positioned the wind at his back; for like a burning hurricane it swept down, and raising a rough cloud of dust from the sandy and open plains, it drove it over the phalanx of the Carthaginians against the Romans, and struck them in their faces as they turned away and were thrown into confusion.
§16.2δευτέρῳ δὲ τῷ περὶ τὴν τάξιν ὃ γὰρ ἦν ἰσχυρότατον αὐτῷ καὶ μαχιμώτατον τῆς δυνάμεως ἑκατέρωσε τοῦ μέσου τάξας, τὸ μέσον αὐτὸ συνεπλήρωσεν ἐκ τῶν ἀχρειοτάτων, ἐμβόλῳ τούτῳ προέχοντι πολὺ τῆς ἄλλης φάλαγγος χρησόμενος·
And second, that of the formation; for having stationed the strongest and most warlike part of his force on either side of the center, he filled up the center itself with the most useless men, intending to use this as a wedge projecting far beyond the rest of the phalanx.
εἴρητο δὲ τοῖς κρατίστοις, ὅταν τούτους διακόψαντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ φερόμενοι πρός τὸ εἶκον ἐκφερομένου τοῦ μέσου καὶ κόλπον λαμβάνοντος ἐντὸς γένωνται τῆς φάλαγγος, ὀξέως ἑκατέρωθεν ἐπιστρέψαντας ἐμβαλεῖν τε πλαγίοις καὶ περιπτύσσειν ὄπισθεν συγκλείοντας.
And it had been commanded to the best men that, when the Romans had broken through these and, pressing on as the center yielded and formed a hollow fold, had got inside the phalanx, they should quickly wheel around from both sides, strike them on the flanks, and envelop them by closing in from behind.
§16.3ὃ δὴ καὶ δοκεῖ τὸν πλεῖστον ἀπεργάσασθαι φόνον.
Which indeed is thought to have wrought the greatest slaughter.
ὡς γὰρ ἐνέδωκε τὸ μέσον καὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐδέξαντο διώκοντας, ἡ δὲ φάλαγξ τοῦ Ἀννίβου μεταβαλοῦσα τὸ σχῆμα μηνοειδὴς ἐγεγόνει καὶ τῶν ἐπιλέκτων οἱ ταξίαρχοι ταχὺ τοὺς μὲν ἐπʼ ἀσπίδα, τοὺς δʼ ἐπὶ δόρυ κλίναντες προσέπεσον κατὰ τὰ γυμνά, πάντας, ὅσοι μὴ τὴν κύκλωσιν ὑπεκκλίναντες ἔφθασαν, ἐν μέσῳ κατειργάσαντο καὶ διέφθειραν.
For when the center gave way and received the Romans who were pursuing, and Hannibal's phalanx changed its shape and became crescent-formed, the commanders of the select troops quickly wheeling some to the left and others to the right fell upon their exposed flanks, and destroyed all of them in the center, except those who anticipated the encirclement and slipped away.
§16.4λέγεται δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἱππεῦσι τῶν Ῥωμαίων σύμπτωμα παράλογον γενέσθαι, τὸν γὰρ Παῦλον, ὡς ἔοικε, τρωθεὶς ὁ ἵππος ἀπεσείσατο, καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ἄλλος καὶ ἄλλος ἀπολιπὼν τὸν ἵππον πεζὸς τῷ ὑπάτῳ προσήμυνε.
And it is said that an unexpected accident also befell the cavalry of the Romans; for the horse of Paulus, as it seems, being wounded threw him off, and one after another of those around him, leaving his horse, came to the aid of the consul on foot.
τοῦτο δʼ οἱ ἱππεῖς ἰδόντες, ὡς παραγγέλματος κοινοῦ δεδομένου, πάντες ἀποπηδήσαντες πεζοὶ συνεπλέκοντο τοῖς πολεμίοις.
And when the cavalry saw this, as if a common order had been given, they all leaped down and engaged the enemy on foot.
ἰδὼν δʼ ὁ Ἀννίβας,
τοῦτ,
ἔφη,
μᾶλλον ἠβουλόμην ἢ εἰ δεδεμένους παρέλαβον. §16.5ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν οἱ τὰς διεξοδικὰς γράψαντες ἱστορίας ἀπηγγέλκασι.
And Hannibal, seeing this, said: "This I would have preferred more than if they had been delivered to me bound." But these things indeed those who have written detailed histories have reported.
τῶν δʼ ὑπάτων ὁ μὲν Βάρρων ὀλιγοστὸς ἀφίππευσεν εἰς Οὐενουσίαν πόλιν, ὁ δὲ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ βυθῷ καὶ κλύδωνι τῆς φυγῆς ἐκείνης βελῶν τε πολλῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς τραύμασιν ἐγκειμένων ἀνάπλεως, τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν πένθει τοσούτῳ βαρυνόμενος, πρός τινι λίθῳ καθῆστο, τὸν ἐπισφάξοντα τῶν πολεμίων ἀναμένων.
Of the consuls, Varro with a very few horsemen rode away to the city of Venusia, but Paulus, in the depth and surge of that flight, full of many darts sticking in his wounds, and weighed down in body and soul with so great a sorrow, sat by a certain stone, awaiting the one of the enemy who would slay him.
§16.6ἦν δὲ διʼ αἵματος πλῆθος, ᾧ συνεπέφυρτο τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον, οὐ πολλοῖς διάδηλος, ἀλλὰ καὶ φίλοι καὶ θεράποντες αὑτὸν ὑπʼ ἀγνοίας παρῆλθον.
But because of the abundance of blood with which his head and face were covered, he was not recognizable to many, but both friends and servants passed him by out of ignorance.
μόνος δὲ Κορνήλιος Λέντλος, εὐπατρίδης νέος, ἰδὼν καὶ προνοήσας ἀπεπήδησε τοῦ ἵππου, καὶ προσαγαγὼν παρεκάλει χρῆσθαι καὶ σῴζειν αὑτὸν τοῖς πολίταις ἄρχοντος ἀγαθοῦ τότε μάλιστα χρῄζουσιν.
But only Cornelius Lentulus, a young patrician, seeing and perceiving him, leaped down from his horse, and bringing it to him, exhorted him to use it and save himself for the citizens, who then especially needed a good leader.
§16.7ὁ δὲ ταύτην μὲν ἀπετρίψατο τὴν δέησιν, καὶ τὸ μειράκιον αὖθις ἠνάγκασεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον ἀναβῆναι δακρῦον, εἶτα δὲ τὴν δεξιὰν ἐμβαλὼν καὶ συνεξαναστάς,
ἀπάγγελλε,
εἶπεν,
ὦ Λέντλε, Φαβίῳ Μαξίμῳ καὶ γενοῦ μάρτυς αὐτός, ὅτι Παῦλος Αἰμίλιος ἐνέμεινεν αὐτοῦ τοῖς λογισμοῖς ἄχρι τέλους καὶ τῶν ὁμολογηθέντων πρός ἐκεῖνον οὐδὲν ἔλυσεν, ἀλλʼ ἐνικήθη πρότερον ὑπὸ Βάρρωνος, εἶθʼ ὑπὸ Ἀννίβου.
But he rejected this entreaty, and forced the young man to mount his horse again, though he wept, and then, taking him by the right hand and rising with him, said: "Report, O Lentulus, to Fabius Maximus and be yourself a witness, that Aemilius Paulus remained true to his counsels until the end and broke none of his agreements with him, but was conquered first by Varro, and then by Hannibal." Having given these instructions, he sent Lentulus away, and himself, throwing himself into the midst of those being slaughtered, died.
§16.8τοσαῦτʼ ἐπιστείλας τὸν μὲν Λέντλον ἀπέπεμψεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ῥίψας ἑαυτὸν εἰς τοὺς φονευομένους ἀπέθανε, λέγονται δὲ πεσεῖν μὲν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ Ῥωμαίων πεντακισμύριοι, ζῶντες δʼ ἁλῶναι τετρακισχίλιοι, καὶ μετὰ τὴν μάχην οἱ ληφθέντες ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς στρατοπέδοις μυρίων οὐκ ἐλάττους.
And it is said that fifty thousand of the Romans fell in the battle, and four thousand were taken alive, and after the battle those captured in both camps were not fewer than ten thousand.