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Plutarch · Life of Fabius Maximus §15.1-15.3

Preparations at Cannae and Hannibal's Joke to Gisco

Passage 15 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Varro displays the signal for battle near Cannae on the day of his command. While scouting, Hannibal makes a joke to Gisco, causing widespread laughter that greatly encourages the Carthaginian soldiers.

§15.1ἀλλʼ ὁ Τερέντιος ἐμβαλὼν αὑτὸν εἰς τὸ παρʼ ἡμέραν ἄρχειν, καὶ τῷ Ἀννίβᾳ, παραστρατοπεδεύσας περὶ τὸν Αὐφίδιον ποταμὸν καὶ τὰς λεγομένας Κάννας, ἅμʼ ἡμέρᾳ τὸ τῆς μάχης σημεῖον ἐξέθηκεν ἔστι δὲ χιτὼν κόκκινος ὑπὲρ τῆς στρατηγικῆς σκηνῆς διατεινόμενος, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς Καρχηδονίους ἐξ ἀρχῆς διαταραχθῆναι, τήν τε τόλμαν τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ τὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου πλῆθος ὁρῶντας, αὐτοὺς οὐδʼ ἥμισυ μέρος ὄντας.
But Terentius, throwing himself into the alternate-day command, having encamped near Hannibal around the river Aufidius and the place called Cannae, displayed the signal for battle at daybreak; and this is a scarlet tunic stretched above the general's tent, so that even the Carthaginians were at first thrown into confusion, seeing both the boldness of the general and the multitude of the army, since they themselves were not even a half part.
§15.2Ἀννίβας δὲ τήν δύναμιν ἐξοπλίζεσθαι κελεύσας, αὐτὸς ἱππότης μετʼ ὀλίγων ὑπὲρ λόφου τινὸς μαλακοῦ κατεσκόπει τοὺς πολεμίους ἤδη καθισταμένους εἰς τάξιν.
And Hannibal, having ordered his force to arm themselves, himself on horseback with a few men reconnoitered from a certain gentle hill the enemy who were already drawing up in order of battle.
εἰπόντος δέ τινος τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ἀνδρὸς ἰσοτίμου, τοὔνομα Γίσκωνος, ὡς θαυμαστὸν αὐτῷ φαίνεται τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολεμίων, συναγαγὼν τὸ πρόσωπον ὁ Ἀννίβας, ἕτερον, εἶπεν, ὦ Γίσκων, λέληθέ σε τούτου θαυμασιώτερον. ἐρομένου δὲ τοῦ Γίσκωνος, τὸ ποῖον; ὅτι, ἔφη, τούτων ὄντων τοσούτων οὐδεὶς ἐν αὐτοῖς Γίσκων καλεῖται. §15.3γενομένου δὲ παρὰ δόξαν αὐτοῖς τοῦ σκώμματος ἐμπίπτει γέλως πᾶσι, καὶ κατέβαινον ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου τοῖς ἀπαντῶσιν ἀεὶ τὸ πεπαιγμένον ἀπαγγέλλοντες, ὥστε διὰ πολλῶν πολὺν εἶναι τὸν γέλωτα καὶ μηδʼ ἀναλαβεῖν ἑαυτοὺς δύνασθαι τοὺς περὶ τὸν Ἀννίβαν.
When one of those around him, a man of equal rank, by name Gisco, said that the multitude of the enemy appeared wonderful to him, Hannibal, wrinkling his face, said: "Another thing, O Gisco, more wonderful than this has escaped your notice." And when Gisco asked, "What sort of thing?" "That," he said, "although there are so many of them, not one among them is called Gisco." And the jest occurring contrary to their expectation, laughter fell upon them all, and they went down from the hill, telling the joke to those they met from time to time, so that through many the laughter became great and those around Hannibal could not even compose themselves.
τοῦτο τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις ἰδοῦσι θάρσος παρίστη, λογιζομένοις ἀπὸ πολλοῦ καὶ ἰσχυροῦ τοῦ καταφρονοῦντος ἐπιέναι γελᾶν οὕτως καὶ παίζειν τῷ στρατηγῷ παρὰ τὸν κίνδυνον.
This, to the Carthaginians who saw it, inspired courage, since they reasoned that such laughing and jesting by the general in the face of danger came from a great and strong contempt for the enemy.

Notes

  1. 15.1ἐμβαλὼν αὑτὸν εἰς τὸ παρʼ ἡμέραν ἄρχειν — The aorist active participle ἐμβαλών of ἐμβάλλω is used with the reflexive pronoun αὑτόν to mean 'throwing himself into'. τὸ παρʼ ἡμέραν ἄρχειν is the substantivized infinitive meaning 'commanding on alternate days', referring to the Roman system of consuls alternating supreme command daily when their armies were united.
  2. 15.1αὐτοὺς οὐδʼ ἥμισυ μέρος ὄντας — The participle ὄντας (accusative agreeing with αὐτούς) modifies the preceding accusative object τοὺς Καρχηδονίους. It functions as an adverbial participle of cause or concession, meaning 'since/although they themselves were not even a half part' of the Roman force.
  3. 15.2λέληθέ σε τούτου θαυμασιώτερον — The verb λανθάνω (perfect λέληθε) takes an accusative object (σε) to mean 'escapes the notice of'. The comparative adjective θαυμασιώτερον ('more wonderful') is followed by the genitive of comparison τούτου ('than this').
  4. 15.3ἀπὸ πολλοῦ καὶ ἰσχυροῦ τοῦ καταφρονοῦντος — A prepositional phrase introduced by ἀπό ('from'). The substantivized neuter active participle τοῦ καταφρονοῦντος ('contempt/disdain') is modified by the genitive adjectives πολλοῦ καὶ ἰσχυροῦ, indicating source or cause: 'from a great and strong contempt' for the enemy.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Fabius Maximus §15.1-15.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg013.humanitext-grc2:15.1-15.3

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