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Plutarch · Life of Fabius Maximus §14.1-14.5

Rise of Consul Varro and Fabius's Plea to Paulus

Passage 14 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Fabius resigns, and new consuls are elected. While the reckless consul Terentius Varro seeks a swift, decisive battle with a massive army, Fabius encourages the other consul, Paulus Aemilius, to restrain Varro's madness.

§14.1ἐκ τούτου Φάβιος μὲν ἀπέθετο τὴν ἀρχήν, ὕπατοι δʼ αὖθις ἀπεδείκνυντο.
After this, Fabius laid down his office, and consuls were again appointed.
καὶ τούτων οἱ μὲν πρῶτοι διεφύλαξαν ἣν ἐκεῖνος ἰδέαν τοῦ πολέμου κατέστησε, μάχεσθαι μὲν ἐκ παρατάξεως φεύγοντες πρὸς Ἀννίβαν, τοῖς δὲ συμμάχοις ἐπιβοηθοῦντες καὶ τὰς ἀποστάσεις κωλύοντες· Τερέντιος δὲ Βάρρων εἰς τὴν ὑπατείαν προαχθεὶς ἀπὸ γένους ἀσήμου, βίου δὲ διὰ δημοκοπίαν καὶ προπέτειαν ἐπισήμου, δῆλος ἦν εὐθὺς ἀπειρίᾳ καὶ θρασύτητι τὸν περὶ τῶν ὅλων ἀναρρίψων κύβον.
Of these, the first maintained the manner of war which he had established, avoiding a pitched battle with Hannibal, while helping the allies and preventing defections; but Terentius Varro, having been promoted to the consulship from an obscure birth, but famous in his life for demagoguery and rashness, was immediately clear in his inexperience and boldness to cast the die for the whole fortune of the state.
§14.2ἐβόα γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις μενεῖν τὸν πόλεμον ἄχρι οὗ Φαβίοις χρῆται στρατηγοῖς ἡ πόλις, αὐτὸς δὲ τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρας ὄψεσθαί τε καὶ νικήσειν τοὺς πολεμίους, ἅμα δὲ τούτοις τοῖς λόγοις συνῆγε καὶ κατέγραφε δύναμιν τηλικαύτην, ἡλίκῃ πρὸς οὐδένα πώποτε τῶν πολεμίων ἐχρήσαντο Ῥωμαῖοι.
For he cried out in the assemblies that the war would continue as long as the city used Fabii as generals, but that he himself would see and conquer the enemy on the very same day; and along with these words, he gathered and enrolled a force so great that the Romans had never used the like against any enemy.
μυριάδες γὰρ ἐννέα δισχιλίων ἀνδρῶν δέουσαι συνετάχθησαν εἰς τὴν μάχην, μέγα δέος Φαβίῳ καὶ τοῖς νοῦν ἔχουσι Ῥωμαίων οὐ γὰρ ἤλπιζον ἕξειν ἀναφορὰν τὴν πόλιν ἐν τοσαύτῃ σφαλεῖσαν ἡλικίᾳ.
For ninety thousand men, lacking two thousand, were marshaled for the battle, a great fear for Fabius and the sensible among the Romans; for they did not expect the city would have a recovery if it slipped in the loss of so many of its youth.
§14.3διὸ καὶ τὸν συνάρχοντα τοῦ Τερεντίου Παῦλον Αἰμίλιον, ἄνδρα πολλῶν πολέμων ἔμπειρον, οὐκ ἀρεστὸν δὲ τῷ δήμῳ καὶ καταπλῆγα ἔκ τινος καταδίκης πρὸς τὸ δημόσιον αὐτῷ γεγενημένης, ἀνίστη καὶ παρεθάρρυνεν ἐπιλαμβάνεσθαι τῆς ἐκείνου μανίας, διδάσκων ὡς οὐ πρὸς Ἀννίβαν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον ἢ πρὸς Τερέντιον ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ὁ ἀγὼν ἔσοιτο σπεύδειν γὰρ μάχην γενέσθαι τὸν μὲν οὐκ αἰσθανόμενον τῆς δυνάμεως, τὸν δʼ αἰσθανόμενον τῆς περὶ αὑτὸν ἀσθενείας.
Wherefore also he aroused and encouraged Terentius' colleague, Paulus Aemilius, a man experienced in many wars, but not pleasing to the people and dejected because of a certain fine previously imposed upon him by the public treasury, to check that man's madness, teaching him that the struggle for the fatherland would be not so much against Hannibal for him, as against Terentius; since the one was hastening for a battle because he did not perceive the enemy's strength, and the other because he perceived his own weakness.
§14.4ἐγὼ δʼ, εἶπεν, ὦ Παῦλε, Τερεντίου πιστεύεσθαι δικαιότερός εἰμι περὶ τῶν Ἀννίβου πραγμάτων διαβεβαιούμενος ὡς, εἰ μηδεὶς αὐτῷ μαχεῖται τοῦτον τὸν ἐνιαυτόν, ἀπολεῖται μένων ὁ ἀνὴρ ἢ φεύγων ἄπεισιν, ᾧ γε καὶ νῦν νικᾶν καὶ κρατεῖν δοκοῦντι τῶν μὲν πολεμίων οὐδεὶς προσκεχώρηκε, τῆς δʼ οἴκοθεν δυνάμεως οὐδʼ ἡ τρίτη μοῖρα πάνυ περίεστι. §14.5πρὸς ταῦτα λέγεται τὸν Παῦλον εἰπεῖν ἐμοὶ μὲν, ὦ Φάβιε, τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ σκοποῦντι κρεῖττόν ἐστι τοῖς τῶν πολεμίων ὑποπεσεῖν δόρασιν ἢ πάλιν ταῖς ψήφοις τῶν πολιτῶν εἰ δʼ οὕτως ἔχει τὰ δημόσια πράγματα, πειράσομαι μᾶλλον σοὶ δοκεῖν ἀγαθὸς εἶναι στρατηγὸς ἢ πᾶσι τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπὶ τἀναντία βιαζομένοις. ταύτην ἔχων τὴν προαίρεσιν ὁ Παῦλος ἐξῆλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον.
"And I," he said, "O Paulus, am more worthy of belief than Terentius when asserting concerning Hannibal's affairs that, if no one fights with him this year, the man will remain and perish, or depart in flight, since indeed to him who even now seems to conquer and rule, no one of the enemy has gone over, and not even the third part of his domestic force remains at all." To this, Paulus is said to have replied: "For me, O Fabius, when considering my own affairs, it is better to fall by the spears of the enemy than again by the votes of my fellow-citizens; but if public affairs stand thus, I shall try to appear a good general to you rather than to all the others who are forcing things in the opposite direction." Having this purpose, Paulus went out to the war.

Notes

  1. 14.1δῆλος ἦν ... ἀναρρίψων — This is a personal construction using the nominative participle agreeing in gender, number, and case with the subject (Varro), rather than an impersonal construction. The future participle `ἀναρρίψων` expresses intention ("about to cast"), taking `τὸν ... κύβον` ("the die") as its direct object.
  2. 14.2μυριάδες ... δέουσαι — In this numerical expression, the participle `δέουσαι` (nominative feminine plural of `δέω`, "to lack," agreeing with `μυριάδες`) is used with the genitive `δισχιλίων ἀνδρῶν` ("two thousand men") to mean "nine myriads lacking two thousand," which equals 88,000 men.
  3. 14.3σπεύδειν γὰρ μάχην γενέσθαι τὸν μὲν ... τὸν δʼ — An infinitive clause in indirect speech introduced by `διδάσκων`. The accusatives `τὸν μὲν` (the one, i.e., Varro) and `τὸν δʼ` (the other, i.e., Hannibal) function as the subjects of the infinitive `σπεύδειν`. Each is modified by the participle `αἰσθανόμενον`, which governs the genitives `τῆς δυνάμεως` and `τῆς ... ἀσθενείας` respectively.
  4. 14.4ᾧ γε καὶ νῦν νικᾶν καὶ κρατεῖν δοκοῦντι — The dative relative pronoun `ᾧ` refers back to `αὐτῷ` (Hannibal) as its antecedent, and is governed by the verb of the main clause `προσκεχώρηκε` ("has gone over to"), which takes a dative. The dative participle `δοκοῦντι` agrees with `ᾧ`, meaning "to him who seems (to conquer)...".
  5. 14.5πειράσομαι μᾶλλον σοὶ δοκεῖν ἀγαθὸς εἶναι στρατηγὸς ἢ πᾶσι τοῖς ἄλλοις — The infinitive `δοκεῖν` ("to seem") sets up a contrast between the datives `σοὶ` ("to you") and `πᾶσι τοῖς ἄλλοις` ("to all the others"). The complement `ἀγαθὸς εἶναι στρατηγὸς` ("to be a good general") is in the nominative rather than the accusative, because it agrees with the implied subject of the main verb `πειράσομαι` ("I shall try").

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Fabius Maximus §14.1-14.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg013.humanitext-grc2:14.1-14.5

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