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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §8.2.1-8.2.4

Pan-Hellenic movement against Athens and Sparta's resolve

Passage 810 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Prompted by the Athenian disaster in Sicily, all of Greece rises to attack Athens, while the Lacedaemonians and their allies, confident of victory, resolve to prosecute the war in earnest.

§8.2.1τοῦ δ’ ἐπιγιγνομένου χειμῶνος πρὸς τὴν ἐκ τῆς Σικελίας τῶν Ἀθηναίων μεγάλην κακοπραγίαν εὐθὺς οἱ Ἕλληνες πάντες ἐπηρμένοι ἦσαν, οἱ μὲν μηδετέρων ὄντες ξύμμαχοι, ὡς, ἤν τις καὶ μὴ παρακαλῇ σφᾶς, οὐκ ἀποστατέον ἔτι τοῦ πολέμου εἴη, ἀλλ’ ἐθελοντὶ ἰτέον ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, νομίσαντες κἂν ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἕκαστοι ἐλθεῖν αὐτούς, εἰ τὰ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ κατώρθωσαν, καὶ ἅμα βραχὺν ἔσεσθαι τὸν λοιπὸν πόλεμον, οὗ μετασχεῖν καλὸν εἶναι, οἱ δ’ αὖ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ξύμμαχοι ξυμπροθυμηθέντες ἐπὶ πλέον ἢ πρὶν ἀπαλλάξεσθαι διὰ τάχους πολλῆς ταλαιπωρίας.
In the following winter, in reaction to the great misfortune of the Athenians in Sicily, all the Greeks were immediately excited. Those who were allies of neither side thought that, even if no one should invite them, they must no longer stand aloof from the war, but must voluntarily go against the Athenians, believing that the Athenians would have come against each of them too, if they had succeeded in Sicily, and at the same time that the remaining war would be short, of which it was honorable to partake. While the allies of the Lacedaemonians, in turn, were even more eager than before to be quickly rid of great hardship.
§8.2.2μάλιστα δὲ οἱ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὑπήκοοι ἑτοῖμοι ἦσαν καὶ παρὰ δύναμιν αὐτῶν ἀφίστασθαι διὰ τὸ ὀργῶντες κρίνειν τὰ πράγματα καὶ μηδ’ ὑπολείπειν λόγον αὐτοῖς ὡς τό γ’ ἐπιὸν θέρος οἷοί τ’ ἔσονται περιγενέσθαι.
And most of all, the subjects of the Athenians were ready to revolt from them, even beyond their power, because they judged matters with passionate eagerness, and did not even leave them any possibility of surviving the coming summer.
§8.2.3ἡ δὲ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων πόλις πᾶσί τε τούτοις ἐθάρσει καὶ μάλιστα ὅτι οἱ ἐκ τῆς Σικελίας αὐτοῖς ξύμμαχοι πολλῇ δυνάμει, κατ’ ἀνάγκην ἤδη τοῦ ναυτικοῦ προσγεγενημένου, ἅμα τῷ ἦρι ὡς εἰκὸς παρέσεσθαι ἔμελλον.
The state of the Lacedaemonians was encouraged by all these things, and especially because their allies from Sicily, with a large force, a fleet having now been added of necessity, were likely to be present at the beginning of spring, as was natural.
§8.2.4πανταχόθεν τε εὐέλπιδες ὄντες ἀπροφασίστως ἅπτεσθαι διενοοῦντο τοῦ πολέμου, λογιζόμενοι καλῶς τελευτήσαντος αὐτοῦ κινδύνων τε τοιούτων ἀπηλλάχθαι ἂν τὸ λοιπὸν οἷος καὶ ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων περιέστη ἂν αὐτούς, εἰ τὸ Σικελικὸν προσέλαβον, καὶ καθελόντες ἐκείνους αὐτοὶ τῆς πάσης Ἑλλάδος ἤδη ἀσφαλῶς ἡγήσεσθαι.
Being hopeful from every side, they intended to apply themselves to the war without any hesitation, reasoning that if it ended well, they would in future be freed from such dangers as indeed that from the Athenians would have beset them, if they had acquired Sicily, and that having overthrown them, they themselves would now securely lead the whole of Greece.

Notes

  1. 8.2.1κἂν ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἕκαστοι ἐλθεῖν αὐτούς, εἰ τὰ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ κατώρθωσαν — κἂν is a contraction of καὶ ἄν, where ἄν goes with the infinitive ἐλθεῖν (dependent on νομίσαντες) to form a past unreal apodosis (representing ἦλθον ἄν, 'they would have come'). Together with the protasis εἰ ... κατώρθωσαν ('if they had succeeded'), it forms a past contrafactual conditional sentence in indirect discourse.
  2. 8.2.2διὰ τὸ ὀργῶντες κρίνειν τὰ πράγματα — Since the logical subject of the articular infinitive in the prepositional phrase διὰ τὸ ... κρίνειν ('because of their judging...') is identical with the subject of the main clause (οἱ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὑπήκοοι), the participle ὀργῶντες, which modifies this subject, is placed in the nominative case instead of the accusative.
  3. 8.2.4κινδύνων τε τοιούτων ἀπηλλάχθαι ἂν τὸ λοιπὸν οἷος καὶ ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων περιέστη ἂν αὐτούς, εἰ τὸ Σικελικὸν προσέλαβον — The infinitive with ἄν (ἀπηλλάχθαι ἂν) in the main clause functions as the apodosis of the past contrafactual conditional (with the protasis εἰ ... προσέλαβον, 'if they had acquired'). Simultaneously, the relative clause οἷος ... περιέστη ἂν ('such as would have beset them...') also acts as a past unreal apodosis depending on the same condition. The relative pronoun οἷος agrees with the unexpressed subject of its own clause (ὁ [κίνδυνος] ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων), referring back to the demonstrative antecedent τοιούτων.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §8.2.1-8.2.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.2.1-8.2.4

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