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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §8.1.1-8.1.4

Athenian reaction to the Sicilian disaster and emergency measures

Passage 809 of 917 · Greek

Summary

When news of the Sicilian disaster reaches Athens, the citizens initially disbelieve it but soon turn their anger toward the orators and prophets; facing absolute desperation, they resolve to rebuild their fleet, secure allies, and establish an advisory board of elders.

§8.1.1ἐς δὲ τὰς Ἀθήνας ἐπειδὴ ἠγγέλθη, ἐπὶ πολὺ μὲν ἠπίστουν καὶ τοῖς πάνυ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἔργου διαπεφευγόσι καὶ σαφῶς ἀγγέλλουσι, μὴ οὕτω γε ἄγαν πανσυδὶ διεφθάρθαι·
When the news was brought to Athens, for a long time they disbelieved even those of the very soldiers who had escaped from the action itself and clearly reported it, not believing that they had been so utterly and completely destroyed.
ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔγνωσαν, χαλεποὶ μὲν ἦσαν τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τῶν ῥητόρων τὸν ἔκπλουν, ὥσπερ οὐκ αὐτοὶ ψηφισάμενοι, ὠργίζοντο δὲ καὶ τοῖς χρησμολόγοις τε καὶ μάντεσι καὶ ὁπόσοι τι τότε αὐτοὺς θειάσαντες ἐπήλπισαν ὡς λήψονται Σικελίαν. §8.1.2πάντα δὲ πανταχόθεν αὐτοὺς ἐλύπει τε καὶ περιειστήκει ἐπὶ τῷ γεγενημένῳ φόβος τε καὶ κατάπληξις μεγίστη δή.
But when they realized the truth, they were angry with those of the orators who had zealously co-promoted the expedition, as if they themselves had not voted for it, and they were also enraged at the oracle-mongers and prophets, and as many as had then by any divine utterances inspired them with the hope that they would capture Sicily. On every side everything distressed them, and indeed a very great fear and consternation beset them because of what had happened.
ἅμα μὲν γὰρ στερόμενοι καὶ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος καὶ ἡ πόλις ὁπλιτῶν τε πολλῶν καὶ ἱππέων καὶ ἡλικίας οἵαν οὐχ ἑτέραν ἑώρων ὑπάρχουσαν ἐβαρύνοντο· ἅμα δὲ ναῦς οὐχ ὁρῶντες ἐν τοῖς νεωσοίκοις ἱκανὰς οὐδὲ χρήματα ἐν τῷ κοινῷ οὐδ’ ὑπηρεσίας ταῖς ναυσὶν ἀνέλπιστοι ἦσαν ἐν τῷ παρόντι σωθήσεσθαι, τούς τε ἀπὸ τῆς Σικελίας πολεμίους εὐθὺς σφίσιν ἐνόμιζον τῷ ναυτικῷ ἐπὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ πλευσεῖσθαι, ἄλλως τε καὶ τοσοῦτον κρατήσαντας, καὶ τοὺς αὐτόθεν πολεμίους τότε δὴ καὶ διπλασίως πάντα παρεσκευασμένους κατὰ κράτος ἤδη καὶ ἐκ γῆς καὶ ἐκ θαλάσσης ἐπικείσεσθαι, καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους σφῶν μετ᾽ αὐτῶν ἀποστάντας. §8.1.3ὅμως δὲ ὡς ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἐδόκει χρῆναι μὴ ἐνδιδόναι, ἀλλὰ παρασκευάζεσθαι καὶ ναυτικόν, ὅθεν ἂν δύνωνται ξύλα ξυμπορισαμένους, καὶ χρήματα, καὶ τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων ἐς ἀσφάλειαν ποιεῖσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα τὴν Εὔβοιαν, τῶν τε κατὰ τὴν πόλιν τι ἐς εὐτέλειαν σωφρονίσαι, καὶ ἀρχήν τινα πρεσβυτέρων ἀνδρῶν ἑλέσθαι, οἵτινες περὶ τῶν παρόντων ὡς ἂν καιρὸς ᾖ προβουλεύσουσιν. §8.1.4πάντα τε πρὸς τὸ παραχρῆμα περιδεές, ὅπερ φιλεῖ δῆμος ποιεῖν, ἑτοῖμοι ἦσαν εὐτακτεῖν.
For, being deprived, both individually and as a state, of many hoplites and cavalry, and of a flower of youth such as they saw no other to match, they were weighed down; at the same time, seeing no sufficient ships in the docks, nor money in the public treasury, nor crews for the ships, they were hopeless of being saved for the present, and they thought that their enemies from Sicily would immediately sail with their fleet against Peiraeus, especially after having achieved so great a victory, and that their enemies at home, now preparing everything doubly, would immediately press them hard with all their might both by land and by sea, and that their own allies would revolt and join them. Nevertheless, as far as their present resources allowed, it seemed that they must not give in, but must prepare both a fleet, procuring timber from wherever they could, and money, and secure the safety of their allies, especially Euboea, and reform the expenses in the city for frugality, and choose a certain magistracy of elder men who should pre-deliberate concerning the present matters as occasion might require. And in the face of immediate fear, as a democracy is wont to do, they were ready to keep good order in everything.
καὶ ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐποίουν ταῦτα, καὶ τὸ θέρος ἐτελεύτα.
And as they decided, so they did these things, and the summer ended.

Notes

  1. §8.1.1τοῖς πάνυ τῶν στρατιωτῶν — The adverb πᾶνυ is placed between the article τοῖς and the partitive genitive τῶν στρατιωτῶν, functioning adjectivally to emphasize 'the very' or 'the most reliable' of the soldiers.
  2. §8.1.1μὴ οὕτω γε ἄγαν πανσυδὶ διεφθάρθαι — In the infinitive clause dependent on the verb of disbelief ἠπίστουν, the negative particle μή is used instead of οὐ to reinforce the subjective element of disbelief (redundant negative after verbs of denying or doubting).
  3. §8.1.1ὥσπερ οὐκ αὐτοὶ ψηφισάμενοι — The conjunction ὥσπερ combined with the nominative participle ψηφισάμενοι (agreeing with the implied subject of the main clause, the Athenians) expresses a subjective assumption or pretext: 'as if they themselves had not voted for it.'
  4. §8.1.3ὡς ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων — The conjunction ὡς attached to the prepositional phrase ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ('from existing resources') limits the expression, meaning 'so far as the present circumstances allowed' or 'under the circumstances.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §8.1.1-8.1.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.1.1-8.1.4

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