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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.87.1-7.87.6

Sufferings of the Captives and the End of the Expedition

Passage 808 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The author describes the harsh conditions and starvation suffered by the Athenian survivors imprisoned in the stone quarries of Syracuse, followed by their sale into slavery, and concludes that the Sicilian expedition ended in a complete and unprecedented disaster for Athens.

§7.87.1τοὺς δ’ ἐν ταῖς λιθοτομίαις οἱ Συρακόσιοι χαλεπῶς τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους μετεχείρισαν.
As for those in the stone quarries, the Syracusans treated them harshly in the first period.
ἐν γὰρ κοίλῳ χωρίῳ ὄντας καὶ ὀλίγῳ πολλοὺς οἵ τε ἥλιοι τὸ πρῶτον καὶ τὸ πνῖγος ἔτι ἐλύπει διὰ τὸ ἀστέγαστον καὶ αἱ νύκτες ἐπιγιγνόμεναι τοὐναντίον μετοπωριναὶ καὶ ψυχραὶ τῇ μεταβολῇ ἐς ἀσθένειαν ἐνεωτέριζον,
For, being in a hollow and narrow place, they were first distressed by the heat of the sun and the stifling air, which was worse because there was no roof, and then the nights that followed, being on the contrary autumnal and cold, by their sudden change brought them to sickness.
§7.87.2πάντα τε ποιούντων αὐτῶν διὰ στενοχωρίαν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ προσέτι τῶν νεκρῶν ὁμοῦ ἐπ᾽ ἀλλήλοις ξυννενημένων, οἳ ἔκ τε τῶν τραυμάτων καὶ διὰ τὴν μεταβολὴν καὶ τὸ τοιοῦτον ἀπέθνῃσκον, καὶ ὀσμαὶ ἦσαν οὐκ ἀνεκτοί, καὶ λιμῷ ἅμα καὶ δίψῃ ἐπιέζοντο (ἐδίδοσαν γὰρ αὐτῶν ἑκάστῳ ἐπὶ ὀκτὼ μῆνας κοτύλην ὕδατος καὶ δύο κοτύλας σίτου), ἄλλα τε ὅσα εἰκὸς ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκότας κακοπαθῆσαι, οὐδὲν ὅτι οὐκ ἐπεγένετο αὐτοῖς·
And since because of the narrow space they did everything in the same place, and moreover the dead bodies of those who died from their wounds and because of the change of weather and such things were piled up one upon another, the smell was unbearable; at the same time they were tormented by hunger and thirst (for during eight months they gave to each of them only a kotyle of water and two kotyles of grain daily). Indeed, of all the other miseries which are likely to befall men cast into such a place, there was nothing that did not come upon them.
§7.87.3καὶ ἡμέρας μὲν ἑβδομήκοντά τινας οὕτω διῃτήθησαν ἁθρόοι· ἔπειτα πλὴν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εἴ τινες Σικελιωτῶν ἢ Ἰταλιωτῶν ξυνεστράτευσαν, τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπέδοντο.
For some seventy days they lived all together in this manner; then, except for the Athenians and any of the Siceliots or Italiots who had joined the expedition, they sold the rest.
§7.87.4ἐλήφθησαν δὲ οἱ ξύμπαντες, ἀκριβείᾳ μὲν χαλεπὸν ἐξειπεῖν, ὅμως δὲ οὐκ ἐλάσσους ἑπτακισχιλίων.
The total number of those taken, though it is difficult to state with accuracy, was nevertheless not less than thousand.
§7.87.5ξυνέβη τε ἔργον τοῦτο [Ἑλληνικὸν] τῶν κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον τόνδε μέγιστον γενέσθαι, δοκεῖν δ’ ἔμοιγε καὶ ὧν ἀκοῇ Ἑλληνικῶν ἴσμεν, καὶ τοῖς τε κρατήσασι λαμπρότατον καὶ τοῖς διαφθαρεῖσι δυστυχέστατον·
This event proved to be the greatest of those in this war, and in my opinion, even of all the Greek events we know of by hearsay, being most glorious to the victors and most disastrous to the ruined.
§7.87.6κατὰ πάντα γὰρ πάντως νικηθέντες καὶ οὐδὲν ὀλίγον ἐς οὐδὲν κακοπαθήσαντες πανωλεθρίᾳ δὴ τὸ λεγόμενον καὶ πεζὸς καὶ νῆες καὶ οὐδὲν ὅτι οὐκ ἀπώλετο, καὶ ὀλίγοι ἀπὸ πολλῶν ἐπ’ οἴκου ἀπενόστησαν.
For having been utterly defeated in every way and having suffered in no small measure in any respect, they were, in the common phrase, completely destroyed—both infantry and ships and everything was lost—and only a few out of many returned home.
ταῦτα μὲν τὰ περὶ Σικελίαν γενόμενα.
Such were the events that took place in Sicily.

Notes

  1. 7.87.1ἐνεωτέριζον — The verb `νεωτερίζω` usually means 'to make a political change' or 'revolt,' but here it is used intransitively (or causatively as 'to bring about a change') to describe how the sudden shift in temperature changed their bodily condition for the worse, leading them into sickness (`ἐς ἀσθένειαν`).
  2. 7.87.2πάντα τε ποιούντων αὐτῶν — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause. 'Doing everything' (`πάντα ... ποιούντων`) in a confined space is a euphemistic yet realistic expression referring to the fact that they had to perform all bodily functions, including eating, sleeping, and excretion, in the very same spot.
  3. 7.87.2οὐδὲν ὅτι οὐκ — An idiomatic double negation where `ἐστιν` is omitted from `οὐδέν ἐστιν ὅτι οὐκ` (there is nothing that did not...), resulting in a strong affirmation meaning 'absolutely everything [befell them].' `οὐδέν` is the subject of the main verb `ἐπεγένετο`.
  4. 7.87.5δοκεῖν δ’ ἔμοιγε — An absolute use of the infinitive expressing limitation or point of view. Similar to `ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν` ('as it seems to me'), it adds a subjective limitation to the entire statement, meaning 'in my opinion.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.87.1-7.87.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.87.1-7.87.6

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