Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.63.1-2.63.3

The Dangers of Abandoning Empire and Warning on Inaction

Passage 209 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Pericles emphasizes the duty to maintain the honor of the Athenian empire, warning against the dangers of abdication and explaining how an inactive, pacifist attitude leads to the ruin of a ruling state.

§2.63.1τῆς τε πόλεως ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς τῷ τιμωμένῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρχειν, ᾧπερ ἅπαντες ἀγάλλεσθε, βοηθεῖν, καὶ μὴ φεύγειν τοὺς πόνους ἢ μηδὲ τὰς τιμὰς διώκειν· μηδὲ νομίσαι περὶ ἑνὸς μόνου, δουλείας ἀντ’ ἐλευθερίας, ἀγωνίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀρχῆς στερήσεως καὶ κινδύνου ὧν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ἀπήχθεσθε.
And it is reasonable for you to stand up for the honor of the city which comes from ruling, in which you all take pride, and not to avoid the hardships, or else not to pursue the honors either; nor should you think that you are struggling for one thing alone, namely slavery instead of freedom, but also for the loss of empire and the danger arising from the hatred you incurred in your rule.
§2.63.2ἧς οὐδ’ ἐκστῆναι ἔτι ὑμῖν ἔστιν, εἴ τις καὶ τόδε ἐν τῷ παρόντι δεδιὼς ἀπραγμοσύνῃ ἀνδραγαθίζεται· ὡς τυραννίδα γὰρ ἤδη ἔχετε αὐτήν, ἣν λαβεῖν μὲν ἄδικον δοκεῖ εἶναι, ἀφεῖναι δὲ ἐπικίνδυνον.
From which you cannot even withdraw anymore, even if someone, fearing this in the present situation, plays the honest man by keeping out of affairs; for you now hold it like a tyranny, which indeed seems unjust to acquire, but dangerous to let go.
§2.63.3τάχιστ’ ἄν τε πόλιν οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἑτέρους τε πείσαντες ἀπολέσειαν καὶ εἴ που ἐπὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν αὐτόνομοι οἰκήσειαν· τὸ γὰρ ἄπραγμον οὐ σῴζεται μὴ μετὰ τοῦ δραστηρίου τεταγμένον, οὐδὲ ἐν ἀρχούσῃ πόλει ξυμφέρει, ἀλλ’ ἐν ὑπηκόῳ, ἀσφαλῶς δουλεύειν.
Such men would very quickly destroy the city if they persuaded others to join them, and even if they should live independently by themselves somewhere; for the inactive temperament is not preserved unless it is ranked with the active, nor is it advantageous in a ruling city to serve safely, but rather in a subject one.

Notes

  1. 2.63.1τῷ τιμωμένῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρχειν — A substantivized neuter present participle, meaning 'the honor (or glory) derived from ruling.' It functions as the dative object of the verb `βοηθεῖν` (to support, or stand up for). The genitive `τῆς πόλεως` depends on this substantivized phrase, meaning 'the honor of the city.'
  2. 2.63.1ὧν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ἀπήχθεσθε — The relative pronoun `ὧν` (genitive plural) exhibits attraction to the case of its implied antecedent, or specifically to the preceding `κινδύνου`. It originally represents the object of `ἀπήχθεσθε` ('which you incurred in your rule'). Thus, it implies 'the danger of those hatreds which you incurred in your rule.'
  3. 2.63.2ἀνδραγαθίζεται — Meaning 'to play the honest man' or 'to affect virtue.' Combined with the dative of manner/means `ἀπραγμοσύνῃ` (by keeping out of affairs / through inaction), it carries Pericles' sharp irony against those citizens who seek to excuse their retirement from the difficulties of state and war as a form of moral integrity.
  4. 2.63.3ἀσφαλῶς δουλεύειν — The infinitive phrase `ἀσφαλῶς δουλεύειν` (to serve safely / to be a subject in safety) is the subject of the impersonal verb `ξυμφέρει` (it is advantageous). The sentence forms a contrast: 'serving in safety is not advantageous in a ruling city, but rather in a subject city.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.63.1-2.63.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.63.1-2.63.3

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