Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.62.1-2.62.5

Pericles on Athenian Sea Power and Defending Freedom

Passage 208 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Pericles encourages the Athenians by revealing the immense scale of their empire as absolute masters of the sea, urging them not to grieve over lost lands but to protect their freedom and match the greatness of their ancestors.

§2.62.1‘τὸν δὲ πόνον τὸν κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον, μὴ γένηταί τε πολὺς καὶ οὐδὲν μᾶλλον περιγενώμεθα, ἀρκείτω μὲν ὑμῖν καὶ ἐκεῖνα ἐν οἷς ἄλλοτε πολλάκις γε δὴ ἀπέδειξα οὐκ ὀρθῶς αὐτὸν ὑποπτευόμενον, δηλώσω δὲ καὶ τόδε, ὅ μοι δοκεῖτε οὔτ᾽ αὐτοὶ πώποτε ἐνθυμηθῆναι ὑπάρχον ὑμῖν μεγέθους πέρι ἐς τὴν ἀρχὴν οὔτ’ ἐγὼ ἐν τοῖς πρὶν λόγοις· οὐδ’ ἂν νῦν ἐχρησάμην κομπωδεστέραν ἔχοντι τὴν προσποίησιν, εἰ μὴ καταπεπληγμένους ὑμᾶς παρὰ τὸ εἰκὸς ἑώρων.
"As for the hardship of the war, lest it should prove great and we should nonetheless not prevail, let even those arguments suffice for you, in which I have on many other occasions indeed shown that it is not rightly feared; and I will point out also this, which you seem to me never to have yourselves considered as belonging to you in respect of the magnitude of your empire, nor I in my former speeches; nor would I now have made use of an argument which has a rather boastful appearance, if I did not see you unreasonably dismayed.
§2.62.2οἴεσθε μὲν γὰρ τῶν ξυμμάχων μόνων ἄρχειν, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀποφαίνω δύο μερῶν τῶν ἐς χρῆσιν φανερῶν, γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης, τοῦ ἑτέρου ὑμᾶς παντὸς κυριωτάτους ὄντας, ἐφ’ ὅσον τε νῦν νέμεσθε καὶ ἢν ἐπὶ πλέον βουληθῆτε· καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις τῇ ὑπαρχούσῃ παρασκευῇ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ πλέοντας ὑμᾶς οὔτε βασιλεὺς οὔτε ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἔθνος τῶν ἐν τῷ παρόντι κωλύσει.
For you think that you rule over your allies alone, but I declare that of the two parts open to use, land and sea, you are absolute masters of the whole of the second, both as far as you now occupy and if you should wish to extend it further; and there is no one who, when you sail with your present naval force, neither the King nor any other nation of those at present, will prevent you.
§2.62.3ὥστε οὐ κατὰ τὴν τῶν οἰκιῶν καὶ τῆς γῆς χρείαν, ὧν μεγάλων νομίζετε ἐστερῆσθαι, αὕτη ἡ δύναμις φαίνεται· οὐδ’ εἰκὸς χαλεπῶς φέρειν αὐτῶν μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ κηπίον καὶ ἐγκαλλώπισμα πλούτου πρὸς ταύτην νομίσαντας ὀλιγωρῆσαι, καὶ γνῶναι ἐλευθερίαν μέν, ἢν ἀντιλαμβανόμενοι αὐτῆς διασώσωμεν, ῥᾳδίως ταῦτα ἀναληψομένην, ἄλλων δὲ ὑπακούσασι καὶ τὰ προκεκτημένα φιλεῖν ἐλασσοῦσθαι, τῶν τε πατέρων μὴ χείρους κατ’ ἀμφότερα φανῆναι, οἳ μετὰ πόνων καὶ οὐ παρ’ ἄλλων δεξάμενοι κατέσχον τε καὶ προσέτι διασώσαντες παρέδοσαν ὑμῖν αὐτά (αἴσχιον δὲ ἔχοντας ἀφαιρεθῆναι ἢ κτωμένους ἀτυχῆσαι), ἰέναι δὲ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὁμόσε μὴ φρονήματι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταφρονήματι.
So that this power is shown to be not in accordance with the usefulness of houses and land, of which you think you have been deprived of great things; nor is it reasonable to bear their loss heavily, rather than, considering them as a mere garden-plot and an embellishment of wealth in comparison with this power, to think lightly of them, and to know that freedom indeed, if we lay hold of it and preserve it, will easily recover these things, but for those who obey others, even what was previously acquired is wont to be diminished, and to show yourselves not inferior to your fathers in both respects, who, with toil and not having received them from others, acquired and furthermore, having preserved them, handed them down to you (for it is more shameful to be deprived of what one has than to fail in acquiring it), and to go to meet the enemies, not with spirit only, but also with disdain.
§2.62.4αὔχημα μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἀπὸ ἀμαθίας εὐτυχοῦς καὶ δειλῷ τινὶ ἐγγίγνεται, καταφρόνησις δὲ ὃς ἂν καὶ γνώμῃ πιστεύῃ τῶν ἐναντίων προύχειν, ὃ ἡμῖν ὑπάρχει.
For boasting indeed arises even from fortunate ignorance and in a coward, but disdain in whoever is confident in his judgment that he excels his adversaries, which is our case.
§2.62.5καὶ τὴν τόλμαν ἀπὸ τῆς ὁμοίας τύχης ἡ ξύνεσις ἐκ τοῦ ὑπέρφρονος ἐχυρωτέραν παρέχεται, ἐλπίδι τε ἧσσον πιστεύει, ἧς ἐν τῷ ἀπόρῳ ἡ ἰσχύς, γνώμῃ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων, ἧς βεβαιοτέρα ἡ πρόνοια.
And intelligence makes courage more secure from equal fortune, by means of a sense of superiority, and trusts less in hope, whose strength is in helplessness, but rather in judgment based on existing facts, whose foresight is more secure."

Notes

  1. 2.62.1τὸν δὲ πόνον τὸν κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον — The accusative τὸν δὲ πόνον... at the very beginning of the sentence serves as the logical subject of the participle ὑποπτευόμενον in the following construction (prolepsis), placed at the start to emphasize the topic of discussion.
  2. 2.62.1μὴ γένηται — The μὴ clause with the subjunctive γένηται expresses apprehension ('lest it should...'), detailing the content of the citizens' anxiety regarding the military hardship (τὸν πόνον).
  3. 2.62.3μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ — The negative οὐ after μᾶλλον ἢ is redundant (pleonastic), a standard Greek idiom after comparative expressions, and does not create a double negative in translation.
  4. 2.62.3ἐλευθερίαν μέν... ῥᾳδίως ταῦτα ἀναληψομένην — An indirect discourse depending on the infinitive γνῶναι (which depends on εἰκὸς), with the accusative ἐλευθερίαν as the subject and the future participle ἀναληψομένην functioning as the predicate ('that freedom will recover these things').
  5. 2.62.5τὴν τόλμαν... ἡ ξύνεσις ἐκ τοῦ ὑπέρφρονος ἐχυρωτέραν παρέχεται — The verb παρέχεται ('makes/renders') takes a double accusative construction: the direct object τὴν τόλμαν and the predicate accusative (comparative adjective) ἐχυρωτέραν.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.62.1-2.62.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.62.1-2.62.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.