Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.61.1-2.61.4

Pericles Urging Endurance to Preserve Athens's Glory

Passage 207 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Pericles exhorts the Athenians, who have grown despondent and critical of his policies due to unexpected misfortunes and the plague, to endure the crisis and preserve the city's great reputation.

§2.61.1‘καὶ γὰρ οἷς μὲν αἵρεσις γεγένηται τἆλλα εὐτυχοῦσι, πολλὴ ἄνοια πολεμῆσαι· εἰ δ’ ἀναγκαῖον ἦν ἢ εἴξαντας εὐθὺς τοῖς πέλας ὑπακοῦσαι ἢ κινδυνεύσαντας περιγενέσθαι, ὁ φυγὼν τὸν κίνδυνον τοῦ ὑποστάντος μεμπτότερος.
"For indeed, for those who have a choice while being prosperous in other respects, it is great folly to make war; but if it was necessary either to yield and immediately obey one's neighbors or to face danger and survive, the one who flees the danger is more blameworthy than the one who stands his ground.
§2.61.2καὶ ἐγὼ μὲν ὁ αὐτός εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἐξίσταμαι· ὑμεῖς δὲ μεταβάλλετε, ἐπειδὴ ξυνέβη ὑμῖν πεισθῆναι μὲν ἀκεραίοις, μεταμέλειν δὲ κακουμένοις, καὶ τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον ἐν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἀσθενεῖ τῆς γνώμης μὴ ὀρθὸν φαίνεσθαι, διότι τὸ μὲν λυποῦν ἔχει ἤδη τὴν αἴσθησιν ἑκάστῳ, τῆς δὲ ὠφελίας ἄπεστιν ἔτι ἡ δήλωσις ἅπασι, καὶ μεταβολῆς μεγάλης, καὶ ταύτης ἐξ ὀλίγου, ἐμπεσούσης ταπεινὴ ὑμῶν ἡ διάνοια ἐγκαρτερεῖν ἃ ἔγνωτε.
And I indeed am the same and do not depart from my position; but you are changing, since it happened that you were persuaded when you were unharmed, but you repent now that you are suffering, and my argument appears not correct because of the weakness of your resolution, because while the painful part is already perceived by each, the demonstration of the benefit is still absent for all, and a great change, and that in a short time, having fallen upon you, your mind is too dejected to abide by what you decided.
§2.61.3δουλοῖ γὰρ φρόνημα τὸ αἰφνίδιον καὶ ἀπροσδόκητον καὶ τὸ πλείστῳ παραλόγῳ ξυμβαῖνον· ὃ ὑμῖν πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ κατὰ τὴν νόσον γεγένηται.
For that which is sudden, unexpected, and happens with the greatest unpredictability enslaves the spirit; which has happened to you, not least because of the plague, in addition to your other troubles.
§2.61.4ὅμως δὲ πόλιν μεγάλην οἰκοῦντας καὶ ἐν ἤθεσιν ἀντιπάλοις αὐτῇ τεθραμμένους χρεὼν καὶ ξυμφοραῖς ταῖς μεγίσταις ἐθέλειν ὑφίστασθαι καὶ τὴν ἀξίωσιν μὴ ἀφανίζειν (ἐν ἴσῳ γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι δικαιοῦσι τῆς τε ὑπαρχούσης δόξης αἰτιᾶσθαι ὅστις μαλακίᾳ ἐλλείπει καὶ τῆς μὴ προσηκούσης μισεῖν τὸν θρασύτητι ὀρεγόμενον), ἀπαλγήσαντας δὲ τὰ ἴδια τοῦ κοινοῦ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι.
But nevertheless, since you inhabit a great city and have been brought up in customs matchable to it, you ought to be willing to withstand even the greatest misfortunes and not to obscure your reputation (for men think it equally right to blame him who falls short of his existing reputation through cowardice, and to hate him who through rashness strives for a reputation that does not belong to him), and, putting away your private griefs, you should lay hold of the common safety."

Notes

  1. §2.61.2πεισθῆναι μὲν ἀκεραίοις, μεταμέλειν δὲ κακουμένοις — A contrasting structure of infinitives dependent on the impersonal verb ξυνέβη ("it happened"), with the dative ὑμῖν ("to you") acting as their logical subject. The passive infinitive πεισθῆναι ("to be persuaded") and the active/impersonal infinitive μεταμέλειν ("to repent") are coordinated. The dative participles ἀκεραίοις ("unharmed") and κακουμένοις ("suffering") agree with ὑμῖν, indicating the citizens' state at each moment.
  2. §2.61.2ταπεινὴ ὑμῶν ἡ διάνοια ἐγκαρτερεῖν — The infinitive ἐγκαρτερεῖν ("to endure/abide by") modifies the adjective ταπεινή ("dejected/weak") as an infinitive of result or specification, meaning "too dejected to endure" or "weak for enduring."
  3. §2.61.4τῆς τε ὑπαρχούσης δόξης αἰτιᾶσθαι ὅστις μαλακίᾳ ἐλλείπει καὶ τῆς μὴ προσηκούσης μισεῖν τὸν θρασύτητι ὀρεγόμενον — A parallel structure of two classes of offenders. In the first part, αἰτιᾶσθαι ("to blame") takes the relative clause ὅστις... (equivalent to an accusative) as its object, with the genitive τῆς ὑπαρχούσης δόξης expressing the matter of blame (falling short of existing reputation), which can also be taken as dependent on ἐλλείπει ("falls short of"). In the second part, μισεῖν ("to hate") takes the accusative participle τὸν ... ὀρεγόμενον as its object, while ὀρεγόμενον ("striving for") governs the genitive τῆς μὴ προσηκούσης [δόξης].

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.61.1-2.61.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.61.1-2.61.4

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