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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §48.1.2.pr

Classification of Public Judgments and Exile

Passage 8115 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Paulus classifies public judgments into capital (involving death or loss of citizenship) and non-capital (involving fines or physical coercion), and distinguishes exile from mere relegation which preserves citizenship.

[PAULUS libro quinto decimo ad edictum praetoris. ] §48.1.2.prPublicorum iudiciorum quaedam capitalia sunt, quaedam non capitalia.
[PAULUS in the fifteenth book on the Edict of the Praetor.] Of public judgments, some are capital, some are non-capital.
capitalia sunt, ex quibus poena mors aut exilium est, hoc est aquae et ignis interdictio: per has enim poenas eximitur caput de ciuitate.
Capital are those under which the penalty is death or exile, that is, the interdiction of water and fire; for through these penalties the person (caput) is removed from the citizenship.
nam cetera non exilia, sed relegationes proprie dicuntur: tunc enim ciuitas retinetur.
For other kinds are not called exiles, but properly relegations; for in that case citizenship is retained.
non capitalia sunt, ex quibus pecuniaria aut in corpus aliqua coercitio poena est.
Non-capital are those under which the penalty is pecuniary or some coercion against the body.

Notes

  1. §48.1.2.prPublicorum iudiciorum — The genitive noun phrase at the beginning of the sentence is a partitive genitive, qualifying the pronominal subject "quaedam".
  2. §48.1.2.prcaput — In Roman law, "caput" signifies not only physical "head" or "life" but also "legal status or persona" (comprising liberty, citizenship, and family status). Here, in connection with "de ciuitate", it heavily implies the loss of civic existence.
  3. §48.1.2.prex quibus — The antecedent of the relative pronoun "quibus" is "capitalia (iudicia)". The preposition "ex" denotes origin or cause, functioning here as "under which [judgments]" or "as a consequence of which".

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §48.1.2.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:48.1.2.pr

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