Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.3.44.pr

Extinction of Two Obligations by a Single Payment

Passage 7699 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The author explains several cases where two obligations are simultaneously extinguished by a single payment or performance, such as the sale of a pledge, conditional legacy to a ward, legacy of usufruct of money, and testamentary obligation to sell or lease.

[MARCIANUS libro secundo regularum. ] §46.3.44.prIn numerationibus aliquando euenit, ut una numeratione duae obligationes tollantur uno momento: ueluti si quis pignus pro debito uendiderit creditori: euenit enim, ut et ex uendito tollatur obligatio et debiti.
[MARCIANUS in the second book of Rules.] In payments, it sometimes happens that by a single payment two obligations are extinguished at the same moment: as, for instance, if someone sells a pledge to the creditor for the debt; for it happens that both the obligation from the sale and that of the debt are extinguished.
item si pupillo, qui sine tutoris auctoritate mutuam pecuniam accepit, legatum a creditore fuerit sub ea condicione, si eam pecuniam numerauerit, in duas causas uideri eum numerasse, et in debitum suum, ut in Falcidiam heredi imputetur, et condicionis gratia, ut legatum consequatur.
Likewise, if a legacy has been left by a creditor to a ward, who accepted a loan of money without the authority of his tutor, under the condition that he pays that money, he is considered to have paid for two causes: both for his own debt, so that it may be credited to the heir in respect of the Falcidian law, and for the sake of the condition, so that he may obtain the legacy.
item si usus fructus pecuniae numeratae legatus fuerit, euenit, ut una numeratione et liberetur heres ex testamento et obliget sibi legatarium.
Likewise, if the usufruct of a sum of money is bequeathed, it happens that by a single payment the heir is both released from the will and binds the legatee to himself.
tantundem est et si damnatus fuerit alicui uendere uel locare: nam uendendo uel locando et liberatur ex testamento heres et obligat sibi legatarium.
The same applies if the heir has been ordered to sell or lease something to someone; for by selling or leasing, the heir is both released from the will and binds the legatee to himself.

Notes

  1. §46.3.44.pret ex uendito tollatur obligatio et debiti — The coordinating conjunctions et... et... ("both... and...") connect the prepositional phrase ex uendito (obligation arising from sale) and the genitive debiti (obligation of the debt), both sharing the single subject obligatio which is extinguished.
  2. §46.3.44.pruideri eum numerasse — The logical subject of the infinitive numerasse (syncopated form of numerauisse) is the accusative pronoun eum (referring to the ward), forming an accusative and infinitive construction dependent on the passive verb uideri ("to be seen" or "to be considered").
  3. §46.3.44.prdamnatus fuerit — A passive perfect (or subjunctive perfect) verb referring to a legacy of charge (*legatum per damnationem*), indicating that the heir has been legally bound to perform a specific act (here, uendere uel locare).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.3.44.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.3.44.pr

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