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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.1.129.pr

Fulfillment of Conjunctive and Disjunctive Conditions

Passage 7477 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text clarifies the requirements for the fulfillment of conditions in a stipulation, comparing conjunctive ('and'), disjunctive ('or'), and negative conditional clauses.

[SCAEUOLA libro duodecimo quaestionum. ] §45.1.129.prSi quis ita stipulatus fuerit: 'decem aureos das, si nauis uenit et Titius consul factus est?' non alias dabitur, quam si utrumque factum sit.
[SCAEVOLA, Questions, book 12.] If anyone has stipulated thus: 'Will you give ten gold pieces, if the ship arrives and Titius is made consul?' it shall not be given otherwise than if both events have occurred.
idem in contrarium: 'dare spondes, si nec nauis uenit nec Titius consul factus sit?' exigendum erit, ut neutrum factum sit.
The same applies to the contrary: 'Do you promise to give, if neither the ship arrives nor Titius is made consul?' it will be required that neither event has occurred.
huic similis scriptura est: 'si neque nauis uenit neque Titius consul factus est?' at si sic: 'dabis, si nauis uenit aut Titius consul factus sit?' sufficit unum factum.
Similar to this is the wording: 'if neither the ship arrives nor Titius is made consul?' But if it is thus: 'Will you give, if the ship arrives or Titius is made consul?' one event having occurred is sufficient.
et contra: 'dabis, si nauis non uenit aut Titius consul factus non est?' sufficit unum non factum.
And conversely: 'Will you give, if the ship does not arrive or Titius is not made consul?' one event not having occurred is sufficient.

Notes

  1. §45.1.129.prnon alias..., quam si — A correlative construction expressing an exclusive condition, meaning 'not otherwise... than if', which is equivalent to 'only if'.
  2. §45.1.129.prexigendum erit, ut — The phrase 'exigendum erit' is an impersonal passive periphrastic conjugation expressing necessity ('it will be required'). The following 'ut' clause acts as a substantive clause of result/purpose containing the subjunctive 'factum sit' to express the substance of the requirement.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.1.129.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.1.129.pr

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