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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.1.128.pr

Payment on Invalid Joint Stipulation and Alternative Debts

Passage 7476 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

On the invalidity of payment to one of the joint stipulators who made an invalid stipulation, and the rule of performance when one of the alternative options was invalid because it belonged to the stipulator.

[PAULUS libro decimo quaestionum. ] §45.1.128.prSi duo rei stipulandi ita extitissent, ut alter utiliter, alter inutiliter stipularetur, ei, qui non habet promissorem obligatum, non recte soluitur, quia non alterius nomine ei soluitur, sed suae obligationis, quae nulla est.
[PAULUS, Questions, book 10.] two joint stipulators should stand in such a position that one stipulates validly and the other invalidly, payment is not validly made to the one who does not have the promisor bound to him, because payment is made to him not in the name of the other, but in the name of his own obligation, which is null.
eadem ratione qui Stichum aut Pamphilum stipulatur, si in unum constiterit obligatio, quia alter stipulatoris erat, etiamsi desierit eius esse, non recte soluitur, quia utraque res ad obligationem ponitur, non ad solutionem.
By the same reasoning, if someone stipulates for Stichus or Pamphilus, and the obligation is established on one of them only because the other belonged to the stipulator, even if it has ceased to belong to him, payment [of the latter] is not validly made, because both things are set down for the purpose of the obligation, not for the purpose of the payment.

Notes

  1. §45.1.128.prrei stipulandi — rei is the plural of reus (party to a transaction or lawsuit). stipulandi is the genitive of the gerund, modifying rei, meaning "parties stipulating" (joint creditors/stipulators).
  2. §45.1.128.prsuae obligationis — Based on the contrast with the preceding alterius nomine, nomine is understood to be omitted after suae obligationis, meaning "in the name of his own [invalid] obligation".
  3. §45.1.128.prnon recte soluitur — Formally impersonal passive ("payment is not validly made"), but contextually it refers to the performance or delivery of the slave who was the creditor's own property at the time of the contract (making that option invalid).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.1.128.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.1.128.pr

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