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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §44.7.42.pr-44.7.42.1

Timing of Creditor Status and the Legal Definition

Passage 7327 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text explains the difference in creditor status between conditional legacies and conditional stipulations, and defines the scope of actions that qualify a person as a "creditor."

[ULPIANUS libro uicesimo primo ad edictum. ] §44.7.42.prIs, cui sub condicione legatum est, pendente condicione non est creditor, sed tunc, cum exstiterit condicio, quamuis eum, qui stipulatus est sub condicione, placet etiam pendente condicione creditorem esse.
[ULPIANUS, from his twenty-first book on the Edict.] A person to whom a legacy has been bequeathed under a condition is not a creditor while the condition is pending, but only then when the condition has been fulfilled, although it is agreed that he who has stipulated under a condition is a creditor even while the condition is pending.
§44.7.42.1Creditores eos accipere debemus, qui aliquam actionem uel ciuilem habent, sic tamen, ne exceptione submoueantur, uel honorariam actionem, uel in factum.
We must understand as creditors those who have some action, either civil—provided, however, that they are not barred by an exception—or honorary, or based on fact.

Notes

  1. §44.7.42.prquamuis eum, qui stipulatus est sub condicione, placet etiam pendente condicione creditorem esse — The impersonal verb placet ("it is approved/agreed") governs the accusative-and-infinitive construction (eum ... creditorem esse). The pronoun eum serves both as the antecedent of the relative clause qui stipulatus est sub condicione and as the subject accusative of the infinitive esse. The conjunction quamuis introduces a concessive clause representing an admitted fact.
  2. §44.7.42.1sic tamen, ne exceptione submoueantur — The phrase sic tamen, ne (with the present subjunctive submoueantur) expresses a restrictive or conditional proviso: "provided, however, that ... not." The term exceptione is an ablative of instrument, referring to the procedural "exception" (defense) in Roman litigation.
  3. §44.7.42.1uel in factum — The prepositional phrase in factum (in + accusative) modifies the preceding noun actionem. It designates an "action based on the facts" (actio in factum), as opposed to civil law formulas, where the judge is directed to condemn if certain facts are found to be true.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §44.7.42.pr-44.7.42.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:44.7.42.pr-44.7.42.1

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